Cyclic Fusion Reactor. Passing through each other colliding beams.

[Joseph Chikva]

Recently I have placed here the new - viable by my opinion Concept how to produce fusion.

By some reasons I have decided not to file the patent application and so for discussing now I am placing here the description of Cyclic Reactor on base of that Concept.

Ioseb (Joseph) Chikvashvili

 

[Drakkith]

Honestly this seems like a very overcomplicated way of achieving fusion. And I don't think your estimates on power usage are correct. While the power per fusion event might be, the chances of nuclei fusing per collision is extremely small. Did you take that into account?

Also how would you overcome the problem of fuel and electrons being thrown out of the beams after collisions?

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Honestly this seems like a very overcomplicated way of achieving fusion. And I don't think your estimates on power usage are correct. While the power per fusion event might be, the chances of nuclei fusing per collision is extremely small. Did you take that into account?

Also how would you overcome the problem of fuel and electrons being thrown out of the beams after collisions?

I think that calculation of energy specified per each fusion event is very simple.
If you have found mistake please note. If not - I am sure in that estimation.

I think that it is not more complicated than e.g. TOKAMAK with which I see some similarity. For example the way of creation of induction electric field are very similar. But unlike TOKAMAKs the invention provides opportunity to reach real Breakeven while TOKAMAK cannot achieve even Lawson criterion that is too optimistic criterion as does not take in consideration real efficiency of energy conversion cycles used (Ohmic heating + energy expenses on creation of indiction electric field, heating via neutrals injection + energy expenses on creation of neutrals beam, etc, efficiency of thermal cycle of electricity production).

Cinematically plasma in proposed device is absolutely stable. Scattered particles thanks to very strong poloidal self-magnetic field will return back to the axis (right direction) after each scattering event. And also focusing of betatron type device (fixed-field alternating gradient or Stellarator windings, etc. would be very useful against various types of instabilities)

 

[Drakkith]

I'm not saying your energy per fusion event is wrong, I'm saying that it takes time for each particle to fuse. While they aren't fusing you still have to confine them, which wastes energy. Also, I'm not sure why you think the tokamak cannot generate breakeven. You can easily see the trend of fusion devices starting from the 50's and see the drastic improvements since then. The whole reason ITER is being built is because it is supposed to hit breakeven.

Als, the Lawson Criterion has absolutely nothing to do with efficiencies of the system used to generate the fusion. It is ONLY conserned with the fusion power output and if it is enough to keep the plasma heated to a high enough temperature against all losses to continue to provide reactions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawson_criterion

 

[Joseph Chikva]

I'm not saying your energy per fusion event is wrong, I'm saying that it takes time for each particle to fuse. While they aren't fusing you still have to confine them, which wastes energy. Also, I'm not sure why you think the tokamak cannot generate breakeven. You can easily see the trend of fusion devices starting from the 50's and see the drastic improvements since then. The whole reason ITER is being built is because it is supposed to hit breakeven.

Als, the Lawson Criterion has absolutely nothing to do with efficiencies of the system used to generate the fusion. It is ONLY conserned with the fusion power output and if it is enough to keep the plasma heated to a high enough temperature against all losses to continue to provide reactions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawson_criterion

Since 50's till today researchers/developers of various fusion approaches (TOKAMAK, inertial confinement, Plasma Focus, etc.) only try to come nearer to the Breakeven and nobody hasn't stepped yet. ITER too - will not be able to generate net power. It would be very big success if ITER would achieve the Lawson criterion.

And you are wrong that Lawson Criterion has absolutely nothing to do with efficiencies. As that estimate the limit after overcoming of which fusion energy release will exceed the energy expenses. But as mentioned - not takes in consideration efficiency of energy conversion. Real criterion should be much stricter. And so - more complicated to achieve.

 

[Drakkith]

I think I misunderstood what you said about the Lawson Criterion earlier. No, no one has reached it yet, but I don't think ITER is being built if they aren't pretty sure that it will be able to reach it.

And you are wrong that Lawson Criterion has absolutely nothing to do with efficiencies. As that estimate the limit after overcoming of which fusion energy release will exceed the energy expenses. But as mentioned - not takes in consideration efficiency of energy conversion.

No, the criterion states that it is only the energy from the fusion against the energy losses of the plasma. Efficiencies with the reactor have nothing to do with it. Also, just because you don't like the criterion doesn't mean it shouldn't be used. It is used for a specific thing that ignores all the differences between devices. This is useful as a measurement of plasmas against all other devices. Research doesn't reach for the most efficient means to do the job available until they can actually do the job to begin with. This is why the Lawson Criterion is used. ITER and other research reactors are trying to reach this first, and then they can focus on everything else.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

I'm not saying your energy per fusion event is wrong, I'm saying that it takes time for each particle to fuse. While they aren't fusing you still have to confine them, which wastes energy.

It would be easier for me to use Energy Gain Factor Q.
My calculation is following:
energy expenses specified per a single fusion event has been occurred is 2MeV.
Energy gained from that event estimated as 20.6MeV considering only neutron cycle+breeding tritium.
So, Q>10!
Plus we also gain energy of alpha particle as well and some part of energy initially pumped into process via Direct Energy Conversion cycle.

 

[Drakkith]

Perhaps I missed something in your paper. Where did you use the cross section in your calculation of energy gain?

 

[Joseph Chikva]

No, the criterion states that it is only the energy from the fusion against the energy losses of the plasma. Efficiencies with the reactor have nothing to do with it.

Yes, the criterion states that it is only the energy from the fusion against the energy losses of the plasma and not considering the efficiency of creating plasma, its further heating, etc.
And efficiency of further fusion energy conversion into electricity.
By this reason I am saying that Lawson Criterion is too optimistic.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Perhaps I missed something in your paper. Where did you use the cross section in your calculation of energy gain?

I do not understastand what you talk about.

 

[Drakkith]

Yes, the criterion states that it is only the energy from the fusion against the energy losses of the plasma and not considering the efficiency of creating plasma, its further heating, etc.
And efficiency of further fusion energy conversion into electricity.
By this reason I am saying that Lawson Criterion is too optimistic.

Why would it be too optimistic? It's just one goal on the way to the finish line. It is a given that you must include efficiency of input and output power for a working reactor.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Why would it be too optimistic? It's just one goal on the way to the finish line. It is a given that you must include efficiency of inpute and output power for a working reactor.

Not a given.

 

[Drakkith]

Not a given.

What?

 

[Drakkith]

I do not understastand what you talk about.

Each collision only has a small chance of the nuclei fusion. I didn't see anywhere that you took that into account for your power calculations in your paper. If you just look at power per fusion event, then sure it looks good, but lots of power is wasted during the time it takes each pair of nuclei to fuse.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

What?

I said that Lawson Criterion does not include efficiency of input/output energy conversion cycles and as mentioned - too optimistic.
If not considering those my invention provides Energy Gain Factor Q=7-10 and achievement of Lawson criterion in TOKAMAK gives only Q=1

 

[Drakkith]

I said that Lawson Criterion does not include efficiency of input/output energy conversion cycles and as mentioned - too optimistic.
If not considering those my invention provides Energy Gain Factor Q=7-10 and achievement of Lawson criterion in TOKAMAK gives only Q=1

First, I have no idea what you are talking about when you say the Lawson Criterion is too optimistic. How does the lawson criterion and optimism fit together? What situation are you talking about?

Second, how does your device achieve Q = 7-10? I don't see how given your power calculations. Did you take the overall power of your proposed device and use the cross section of the reactions against the power used over time?

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Each collision only has a small chance of the nuclei fusion. I didn't see anywhere that you took that into account for your power calculations in your paper. If you just look at power per fusion event, then sure it looks good, but lots of power is wasted during the time it takes each pair of nuclei to fuse.

You are wrong.
I thought that you understand how my concept works. As we discussed it earlier.
Particles do not loss. Scattered particle thanks to very strong focusing forces returns to right direction and tries to fuse again and again before fusion.
There calculated only 80% of particle should react. That's 80% too pessimistic estimation.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

First, I have no idea what you are talking about when you say the Lawson Criterion is too optimistic. How does the lawson criterion and optimism fit together? What situation are you talking about?

Optimism is when you are waiting that the achievement of Lawson Criterion automatically means the opportunity to generate net power.

Second, how does your device achieve Q = 7-10? I don't see how given your power calculations. Did you take the overall power of your proposed device and use the cross section of the reactions against the power used over time?

The raw estimation of required energy that should to be put into the beams specified on a single fusion event (initial energy consumption of a single fusion event)
In case if only 80% of nuclei will react initially we should spend per one fusion event:

(300keV+1/75*33MeV+200keV+1/50*33MeV)/0.8=2MeV

The raw estimation of energy consumptions during namely fusion process (pinch, accelerating particles for compensation of alignment of ions’ velocities and also for compensation of electron radiation losses) specified on a single fusion event – 0.7MeV.

So, the raw estimation of total energy consumption specified per a single fusion event
2MeV+0.7MeV=2.7MeV

From the other side from each fusion event we will have:
• one 14.1MeV neutron
• about 0.5MeV of X-ray radiation
• 1.25*4.8MeV=6MeV thermal energy via (n+Li6) reaction (where “1.25” is a Tritium breeding coefficient)
So, from each event total energy of 20.6MeV

And this if not considering the charged particles energy that also can be converted into electricity.

Q=20.6/2.7=??

vs. Lawson Criterion providing only Q=1

 

[Drakkith]

You are wrong.
I thought that you understand how my concept works. As we discussed it earlier.
Particles do not loss. Scattered particle thanks to very strong focusing forces returns to right direction and tries to fuse again and again before fusion.
There calculated only 80% of particle should react. That's 80% too pessimistic estimation.

I think you have a misunderstanding of how this works. Scattered particles ARE loss. You are consuming power just to keep unfused particles in the reactor. Each collision between nuclei only has a small chance of fusing. The more time it takes for each particle to fuse on average the more power consumption you have and the less power output you get.

Optimism is when you are waiting that the achievement of Lawson Criterion automatically means the opportunity to generate net power.

Who ever said that meeting the Lawson Criterion meant net power? That is wholly incorrect. Just reaching the criterion is a huge step in the right direction, but that's it.

The raw estimation of required energy that should to be put into the beams specified on a single fusion event (initial energy consumption of a single fusion event)
In case if only 80% of nuclei will react initially we should spend per one fusion event:

(300keV+1/75*33MeV+200keV+1/50*33MeV)/0.8=2MeV

I REALLY don't think 80% is anywhere close to a realistic estimate on how many nuclei will fuse during this "initial" event, whatever that means.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

I think you have a misunderstanding of how this works.

Thanks. Am I misunderstanding how should my invention work? :)
Scattered particles will not loss but will return back to the axis thanks to self-magnetic field of combined beam.
From where you get so random statements?

 

[Drakkith]

Thanks. Am I misunderstanding how should my invention work? :)
"Condensed particles" from what have you took that?

Considering you can't tell me how the cross section of the fuel comes into play, it looks like it to me.

What are you talking about with condensed particles?

 

[Drakkith]

Look man, I'm really trying to understand your paper. I don't understand how the energy per fusion event means Q=10 or whatever. What about the energy per non fusion event?

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Considering you can't tell me how the cross section of the fuel comes into play, it looks like it to me.

I see that a number of threads were locked because of nonsenses. Not with my participation.
For your note: I am PhD not physicist but mechanical engineer.
And I doubt that you could see something showing my ignorance of elementary things (such as fusion cross section). Please quote.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Look man, I'm really trying to understand your paper. I don't understand how the energy per fusion event means Q=10 or whatever. What about the energy per non fusion event?

Dear Mr., firstly let's make some reading. Then ask.
Will be glad to be useful.

As you have already asked.
Non fusion events have been considered as well.
Total energy outputs/inputs have been specified per one occurred fusion event.

 

[Drakkith]

Dear Mr., firstly let's make some reading. Then ask.
Will be glad to be useful.

As you have already asked.
Non fusion events have been considered as well.
Total energy outputs/inputs have been specified per one occurred fusion event.

Where did you consider the non fusion events in calculating your power use?

 

[Drakkith]

I see that a number of threads were locked because of nonsenses. Not with my participation.
For your note: I am PhD not physicist but mechanical engineer.
And I doubt that you could see something showing my ignorance of elementary things (such as fusion cross section). Please quote.

Here's a few things that says to me you don't understand:

Particles do not loss. Scattered particle thanks to very strong focusing forces returns to right direction and tries to fuse again and again before fusion.

As I said before, particles that scatter and don't fuse contribute to loss. Not in the sense that the particles are lost out of the device, but that it takes time for them to fuse during which you use energy to keep them in the beams.

The raw estimation of required energy that should to be put into the beams specified on a single fusion event

Why do you only include the energy per fusion event? To me it seems to ignore the issue of power spent before fusion happens.

Optimism is when you are waiting that the achievement of Lawson Criterion automatically means the opportunity to generate net power.

Your belief that engineers and scientists are only using the Lawson Criterion and ignoring actual Fusion Energy Gain factors tells me that you don't understand it. Did I misunderstand you somehow?

Edit: Please, don't take this as a personal attack or anything. I'm trying very hard to be completely serious, I apologize if it seems that I am not.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Where did you consider the non fusion events in calculating your power use?

First please definite non fusion events. Significant only fusion event and scattering event.

And scattering more often than fusion. When scattered particles will return back to the right direction than that again will try to fuse. And again and again.

But when significant part of particles will fuse, we will face with significant reducing of number density. Fusion rate will reduce as well but by square of number density.
And we can not get fusion for 100% of nuclei if not confine plasma for infinitely long time. And I think that would be expedient to allow fusing only to 80% of nuclei.

 

[Drakkith]

First please definite non fusion events. Significant only fusion event and scattering event.

And scattering more often than fusion. When scattered particles will return back to the right direction than that again will try to fuse. And again and again.

But when significant part of particles will fuse, we will face with significant reducing of number density. Fusion rate will reduce as well but by square of number density.
And we can not get fusion for 100% of nuclei if not confine plasma for infinitely long time. And I think that would be expedient to allow fusing only to 80% of nuclei.

Again, how can you ignore the lost power during scattering events? They may eventually fuse but until then they just consume power. I don't see this in your power calculations. Those are integral in determining Q.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

As I said before, particles that scatter and don't fuse contribute to loss. Not in the sense that the particles are lost out of the device, but that it takes time for them to fuse during which you use energy to keep them in the beams.

That's sorry is nonsense.
Confinement time (duration) means that to allow some certain number of paticles to fuse not in one moment.
But needs some time during which we should confine plasma.
The main thing here that invention allows particles the opportunity to participate in multiple collisions from which some will end with fusion event and if scattering then scattered particle will return back for one more time attempting to fuse again.

The main thing here is a new confinement concept allowing all mentioned.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Again, how can you ignore the lost power during scattering events? They may eventually fuse but until then they just consume power. I don't see this in your power calculations. Those are integral in determining Q.

If you really interested you should read text more carefully. As scattered particle will return back to the axis losing only very little part of energy.
Only that part that particle being in returning motion transferred momentum to electron gas.
Then that little loss will be compensated with acceleration by induction electric field.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Again, how can you ignore the lost power during scattering events? They may eventually fuse but until then they just consume power. I don't see this in your power calculations. Those are integral in determining Q.

Power my dear is energy release of certain number of really occurred fusion events per unit of time.
So we can specified all input/output per a single occurred fusion event

 

[Drakkith]

That's sorry is nonsense.
Confinement time (duration) means that to allow some certain number of paticles to fuse not in one moment.
But needs some time during which we should confine plasma.
The main thing here that invention allows particles the opportunity to participate in multiple collisions from which some will end with fusion event and if scattering then scattered particle will return back for one more time attempting to fuse.

The main thing here a new confinement concept allowing all mentioned.

Alright, this is the second time you've claimed that losses due to scattering is nonsense. As I will explain again for the last time, the longer a particle takes to fuse the more energy is consumed to confine it. You have completely ignored this point as far as I can tell. I also don't see anywhere in your power calculations where you have taken into account the power consumed to confine the particles via external magnetic and electric fields.

Power my dear is energy release of certain number of really occurred fusion events per unit of time.
So we can specified all input/output per a single occurred fusion event

Input power is not. Input power is the power over time required to produce X number of fusion events. That is what you need to be looking at, not power per reaction.

If you really interested you should read text more carefully. As scattered particle will return back to the axis losing only very little part of energy.
Only that part that particle being in returning motion transferred momentum to electron gas.
Then that little loss will be compensated with acceleration by induction electric field.

I'm not talking about particles losing their energy, I am talking about power consumed to confine them.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Alright, this is the second time you've claimed that losses due to scattering is nonsense.

That's not so.
Please learn a little bit more about issue before you are discussing it.

 

[Drakkith]

This is easy to take care of. Simply tell me WHY I am incorrect. Let's look at your calculation:

(300keV+1/75*33MeV+200keV+1/50*33MeV)/0.8=2MeV

Where is the power from the external magnets and electric fields used to keep the particles in place? You cannot calculate Q without them. See here:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_energy_gain_factor
Also, I cannot see where you get this 80% from. Are you saying that 80% of the ions will eventually fuse by a certain point in time? If so, then you have to include all of the energy used by the confinement methods during that time period.

That's not so.
Please learn a little bit more about issue before you are discussing it.

Yes it is. Look at your posts. Two times you have told me that scattering doesn't result in energy loss. This is 100% false. It slows down ions, knocks them out of place, and causes them to take extra time before they fuse. If you try to deny it then you have no idea what you are talking about. Period. It doesn't matter that they ions come back to the beam, that only lessens the loss, not stop it.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

This is easy to take care of. Simply tell me WHY I am incorrect. Let's look at your calculation:



Where is the power from the external magnets and electric fields used to keep the particles in place? You cannot calculate Q without them. See here:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_energy_gain_factor
Also, I cannot see where you get this 80% from. Are you saying that 80% of the ions will eventually fuse by a certain point in time? If so, then you have to include all of the energy used by the confinement methods during that time period.




Yes it is. Look at your posts. Two times you have told me that scattering doesn't result in energy loss. This is 100% false. It slows down ions, knocks them out of place, and causes them to take extra time before they fuse. If you try to deny it then you have no idea what you are talking about. Period. It doesn't matter that they ions come back to the beam, that only lessens the loss, not stop it.

• Bending magnetic field does not required energy for bending of beams if not considering synchrotron radiation but this is not that case.
• Elastic collisions causing scatterings also will accelerate slower moving ions decelerating faster moving ions. Ions energy losses occur only via transferring the little part of gained via scattering radial momentums before ion will return to right direction. This is not your lovely Polywell in which scattered ion does not return back and then scattered again and again. And so all energy losses for fusion.
• Concept can provide to near 100% of particles the fusing capability. But for that infinitely long confinement duration is required. But 80 % fusion will occur during acceptable time.

 

[Drakkith]

• Bending magnetic field does not required energy for bending if not considering synchrotron radiation but this is not that case.

Bending? Just generating the field takes power. Same with the electric fields.

• Elastic collisions causing scatterings also will accelerate slower moving ions decelerating faster moving ions. Ions energy losses occur only via transferring the little part of gained via scattering before ion will return to right direction.

Again, I am not referring solely to energy losses from the ions, but also to the increased time it takes for each ion to fuse because of these collisions.

This is not you lovely Polywell in which scattered ion does not return back then scattered again and again. And so all energy losses for fusion.

Provide me with some evidence that your device will cause ALL scattered ions to return.

• Concept can provide near 100% particles the fusing capability. But for that infinitely long confinement duration is required. But 80 % fusion will occur during acceptable time.

I see absolutely nothing that says that. You haven't provided any estimated time, you haven't calculated used power for that period of time, and you don't seem to understand the basics of the Fusion Gain Factor or the cross section. In fact, this entire thread tells me that you seriously need to go back and look at your device. I'm done wasting my time here.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Again, I am not referring solely to energy losses from the ions, but also to the increased time it takes for each ion to fuse because of these collisions.

I have never read a bigger nonsense. The time has increased in comparison with what?

Provide me with some evidence that your device will cause ALL scattered ions to return.

I can not help you if you do not know that unidirectional currents attract each others.

I'm done wasting my time here.

I think that you are wasting your time always when talking about fusion. As you have nothing to do with discussing issue.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

I missed something:

Where is the power from the external magnets and electric fields used to keep the particles in place?

Here, my friend:

The raw estimation of energy consumptions during namely fusion process (pinch, accelerating particles for compensation of alignment of ions’ velocities and also for compensation of electron radiation losses) specified on a single fusion event – 0.7MeV.

So, the raw estimation of total energy consumption specified per a single fusion event
2MeV+0.7MeV=2.7MeV?

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Why would it be too optimistic? It's just one goal on the way to the finish line. It is a given that you must include efficiency of input and output power for a working reactor.

About Lawson criterion and some thought concerning breakeven.

Considering fusion experiments using thermal plasma e.g. Tokamak
Initial “ignition”
Tremendous energy should be spent (pumped) for achievement the required temperature (heating)

Plasma creation (discharge) and Ohmic heating.
• Initially very strong toroidal induction electric field is created
• Pulling out of some electrons from their orbits under the influence of electric field (primary ionization)
• Acceleration of electrons in one direction and ions to opposite. As electrons have much higher rate of acceleration, they gain energy faster transferring then energy to other particles finally ionizing gas and heating plasma. Initially the temperature of electron gas much higher, but then thanks to multiple collisions ions’ and electrons’ temperatures are almost equalized. For occurrence of that equalization some time is needed.
• Occurrence of Bremsstrahlung (energy loss) together with hot plasma conductivity increasing limiting the maximum achievable temperature via Ohmic heating.

RF (cyclotron resonance) heating and its energy losses.
• Efficiency of RF generators?
• Efficiency of absorption of RF radiation by plasma?

Heating via neutrals beams
• By my information only 30% of neutrals can be absorbed by plasma, remaining 70% hit walls
• Efficiency of charged particles accelerators?
• Efficiency of neutralization of those beams in neutralization chambers?

So, can anybody say that Lawson criterion considers all above mentioned?
Criterion written in 50s of past century!

And if/when Lawson criterion will be achieved how far will we be from real capability to produce net power?
As that criterion estimates only certain limit overcoming of which “self-burning” is possible.
But achieving “self-burning” capability we before should spend a lot of energy for providing above mentioned processes (heating, etc.) and also should produce some electricity.

And I am sure that TOKAMAKs as well as other experiments are very far from their purposes.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

I have altered an estimation of power balance for expressing it in more accessible form.

The raw estimation of required energy that should to be put into the beams specified on a single fusion event (initial energy consumption of a single fusion event)
In case if only 80% of nuclei will react initially we should spend per one fusion event:

(300keV+1/75*33MeV+200keV+1/50*33MeV)/0.8=2MeV

The creation and further maintenance process of inducing an accelerating electric field (its loading with the proposed beams) will connect with additional energy expenses.

The raw estimation of energy consumptions during namely fusion process (pinch, accelerating particles for compensation of alignment of ions’ velocities and also for compensation of electron radiation losses) specified on a single fusion event – 0.7MeV.

So, the raw estimation of total energy consumption specified per a single fusion event
2MeV+0.7MeV=2.7MeV

From the other side we will have from each fusion event:
Thermal energy specified per a single fusion event:
• 14.1MeV of energy of neutron in center-of-mass frame
• about 0.1MeV of additional energy of neutron considering the non-zero velocity (4.3*10^6 m/s) of ions’ center-of-mass frame
• about 0.5MeV of X-ray radiation (have to be stopped by protection wall – energy of photons converted into thermal energy)
• 1.25*4.8MeV=6MeV of thermal energy via (n+Li6) reaction (where “1.25” is a Tritium breeding coefficient)
So, total 20.7MeV of thermal energy

Charged particles’ energy specified per a single fusion event:
• 3.5MeV of energy of He4 (alpha-particle) in center-of-mass frame
• about 0.4MeV of additional energy of He4 considering the non-zero velocity (4.3*10^6 m/s) of ions’ center-of-mass frame
• (0.2MeV+0.3MeV)*0.2=0.1MeV of energy of non-reacted ions
• (1/50+1/75)*33MeV/0.8=1.375MeV of electrons
So, total 5.375MeV of charged particles’ energy

Input/output energy balance:

input 2.7MeV vs. 20.7MeV (thermal) + 5.375MeV (charged particles) output

Energy conversion efficiency
Input
Taking into account the really achievable efficiency of beams’ generation and also the efficiency of their further maintenance – ~35%, we will have the total energy consumption specified per a single fusion event equal to:

2.7MeV/0.35=~7.72MeV

Output
Thermal cycle
In modern power plants the efficiency of 40% is achievable. And so:

20.7MeV*0.4=8.28MeV

Direct energy conversion of charged particles
Efficiency of 50% is achievable. And so:

5.375MeV*0.5=2.68MeV

Projected net power specified per a single fusion event:

8.28MeV+2.68MeV-7.72MeV=3.24MeV

 

[Drakkith]

In case if only 80% of nuclei will react initially we should spend per one fusion event:

What exactly does this mean?

 

[Joseph Chikva]

What exactly does this mean?

This means that if you have for example 100 pairs of reacting particles:
• 100 faster moving ions with energy 300keV each
• 100 slower moving ions with energy 200keV each
and then only 80% of them will fuse, the spent energy specified per a single fusion event will be not 300+200=500keV but 500keV/0.8=625keV

 

[Drakkith]

How did you come up with 80% of them will fuse?

 

[Joseph Chikva]

How did you come up with 80% of them will fuse?

100 % of fusion demands the infinitely long confinement time.
While 80 % demands an order of milliseconds.
I want that repeatability of impulses will of 10 Hz order as that is technically feasible on base of today's accelerators technology.
And 80 % acceptable if gives positive energy balance.

 

[Drakkith]

No I mean how did you actually determine that 80% of the ions will fuse within this time period?

 

[Joseph Chikva]

No I mean how did you actually determine that 80% of the ions will fuse within this time period?

That estimated on base of following:
• Center-of-mass collision energy – 20.2 keV
• Reaction cross section – 0.4 barn
• Ions’ relative velocity – 1.8*10^6 m/s
• Ions number density – 10^22-10^23 m^-3
About millisecond.

 

[Drakkith]

Is the density of the ions being reduced as more and more fuse? What kind of effect would that have? I'm assuming you don't "replenish" them during this time period. Or do you?

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Is the density of the ions being reduced as more and more fuse? What kind of effect would that have? I'm assuming you don't "replenish" them during this time period. Or do you?

Yes, during fusion the density of reacting ions reduces and so - reduces fusion rate by square of density. Nevertheless we need only an order of millisecond for mentioned initial number densities.

After each fusion cycle reaction zone should be freed for a new cycle. Or in the other words remaining charged particles should be extracted to Direct Energy Converter.

 

[Drakkith]

Alright. Good luck with your device. I'm off to bed now.

 

[Joseph Chikva]

Alright. Good luck with your device. I'm off to bed now.

Good night.