The discussion focuses on the distinctions between automatic, semi-automatic, and manual weapons, as well as the differences between submachine guns and assault rifles. An automatic weapon fires continuously while the trigger is held down, whereas a semi-automatic weapon requires the trigger to be pulled for each shot, reloading automatically in between. Manual weapons require manual reloading, such as through cocking or breaking the barrel. Submachine guns are lightweight, fully automatic firearms, while assault rifles are often defined as military-grade rifles that may not necessarily be fully automatic in legal terms. The AK and M designations refer to specific models of assault rifles, with the AK being widely used globally and the M16 being standard for American troops. The conversation also touches on misconceptions about weapon classifications and includes some light-hearted banter among participants.