Differentiating a polar function

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on differentiating a polar function, specifically finding the partial derivatives ∂z/∂r and ∂z/∂θ from the Cartesian coordinates x and y. The substitutions x=rcos(θ) and y=rsin(θ) are utilized to express these derivatives. The chain rule is applied, resulting in the equations ∂z/∂r = (∂z/∂x)(∂x/∂r) + (∂z/∂y)(∂y/∂r) and ∂z/∂θ = (∂z/∂x)(∂x/∂θ) + (∂z/∂y)(∂y/∂θ). Additionally, it is established that (∂z/∂x)² + (∂z/∂y)² = (∂z/∂r)² + (1/r²)(∂z/∂θ)².

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of polar coordinates and their relationship to Cartesian coordinates.
  • Knowledge of partial derivatives and their applications in multivariable calculus.
  • Familiarity with the chain rule for functions of multiple variables.
  • Basic proficiency in calculus, particularly in differentiating functions.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of the chain rule in multivariable calculus.
  • Explore the conversion between Cartesian and polar coordinates in greater detail.
  • Learn about the geometric interpretation of partial derivatives.
  • Investigate the implications of the derived equations in the context of vector fields.
USEFUL FOR

Students studying multivariable calculus, mathematicians interested in polar coordinates, and educators teaching differentiation techniques in calculus.

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Homework Statement


let z=f(x,y) be a differentiable function. If we change to polar coordinates, we make the substitution x=rcos(θ), y=rsin(θ), x^2+y^2=r^2 and tan(θ) = y/x.
a. Find expressions ∂z/∂r and ∂z/∂θ involving ∂z/∂x and ∂z/∂y.
b. Show that (∂z/∂x)^2 + (∂z/∂y)^2 = (∂z/∂r)^2 + (1/r^2)(∂z/∂θ)^2.


The Attempt at a Solution



a. i understand that f(x,y) in polar is f(r,θ) but don't understand how to calculate the partial derivatives of ∂z/∂x and ∂z/∂y because there is not know function for z...
 
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Do you know the chain rule for functions of two variables?
 
in the specific case of this problem they come out like this:
∂z/∂r = (∂z/∂x)(∂x/∂r) + (∂z/∂y)(∂y/∂r)
∂z/∂θ = (∂z/∂x)(∂x/∂θ ) + (∂z/∂y)(∂y/∂θ)

right?
 

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