A two-input multiplexer can be used to implement various logic gates, including AND and OR gates, by configuring its inputs appropriately. To create an AND gate, specific input combinations must be selected, while an OR gate requires a different arrangement. By cascading multiple 2-to-1 multiplexers, such as forming a 4-to-1 multiplexer, any two-input logic function can be realized. The discussion also poses a thought experiment about input choices that yield a specific truth table, prompting further exploration of the implemented function. Understanding these configurations enhances the design of digital circuits using multiplexers.