The discussion centers on the conditions under which the integral of a function f(r) over a volume V can be non-zero, even if f(r) is zero at certain points. It highlights that f(r) may not be zero everywhere, which is crucial for the integral's value. The integration process involves summing the product of f(r) and small volume elements dV, suggesting that if f(r) is zero at all points, the integral should also be zero. Additionally, the divergence theorem relates to the behavior of vector fields and their integrals over surfaces, emphasizing the importance of the function's spatial variability. The conversation underscores the nuances of mathematical integration and divergence in vector calculus.