Do we make atoms of Oganneson etc or are they nuclei?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the nature of the heaviest elements, specifically Oganesson (element 118), and whether they are considered complete atoms or merely nuclei upon their creation through nuclear collisions. Participants explore the implications of electron cloud formation and the potential for chemical analysis of such short-lived elements.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether the collision that produces Oganesson results in a complete atom or just a nucleus, and asks about the time required for the electron cloud to form and settle into a configuration.
  • Another participant asserts that once the nucleus forms, the atom is considered complete, suggesting that electrons will quickly interact with the nucleus in an environment with available electrons.
  • A different viewpoint mentions that ions can capture electrons from their surroundings, and if the half-life of the element is sufficient, chemical analyses could potentially be conducted, although uncertainty remains regarding Oganesson's specific case.
  • One participant notes that if nuclei become stationary, they can accumulate electrons very rapidly, within less than a picosecond, but highlights the extremely short half-life of Oganesson isotopes, which complicates the possibility of chemical analysis.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on whether Oganesson can be considered a complete atom immediately after its formation, and there is no consensus on the feasibility of conducting chemical analyses due to its short half-life.

Contextual Notes

The discussion reflects uncertainties regarding the definitions of "atom" versus "nucleus," the time scales involved in electron cloud formation, and the practical challenges of studying such ephemeral elements.

Jimtaff
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When the heaviest elements such as element 118 (Oganesson) are created, the production is described as a a collision of an ion projectile (eg calcium-48) with a target atom (eg californium 249). Does this collision result in an atom of oganesson before the decay to 116 (Livermorium) or is it just an ion or a nucleus that is created? If it is a complete atom, how long does it take the electron cloud to form? Does this then take a finite time to settle into its electon configuration? What do we know of the resulting configuration?
 
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Once the nucleus has formed, the atom is considered "complete". In an environment with ample electrons, it's hard to say that even an ion never has its full complement of electrons. In general, electrons do not have specific positions, so only the speed of light will limit how long the nucleus will have to wait before it starts sharing ambient electrons.
 
These ions will grab electrons from their environment. If the half life is at least in the range of seconds, it is possible to make even chemical analyses with single atoms. I don't know whether this has been done or is possible for 118.
 
If the nuclei get stuck in some place they accumulate electrons within much less than a picosecond.

Oganesson has one or maybe two known isotopes, both have a half life of less than 0.5 seconds, too short for chemical analyses (and with fewer than 10 atoms produced in total this would be very challenging even with a longer lifetime).
 

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