Energy Dissipation by Inductor (RL circuit)

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on energy dissipation in an RL circuit involving an inductor with a voltage source described by the equation 40 - 40u(t). Initially, the inductor behaves as a short circuit, allowing a current of 1 Amp to flow. The equivalent resistance is calculated as 20 ohms, leading to a time constant of 0.5 seconds. The energy dissipated by the inductor is confirmed to be 5 Joules, which is the initial energy stored in the inductor, and it is entirely dissipated through the resistor.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of RL circuits and their behavior in DC conditions.
  • Familiarity with the voltage across an inductor, described by V(T) = L i'.
  • Knowledge of basic circuit analysis techniques, including current and voltage division.
  • Ability to calculate energy stored in inductors using the formula E = (L*i^2)/2.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the transient response of RL circuits to step functions.
  • Learn about the time constant in RL circuits and its implications on current decay.
  • Explore the graphical representation of voltage and current across inductors over time.
  • Investigate the behavior of inductors in AC circuits and their energy storage capabilities.
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineering students, circuit designers, and anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of RL circuits and energy dissipation in inductors.

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Homework Statement


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Homework Equations


The voltage across an inductor is V(T) = L i'
Basic current division and voltage division .
Step function where u(T) : when t is smaller than 0 : u(t) = 0
t >0 : u(t) = 1

The Attempt at a Solution



The voltage source has the equation 40 - 40u(t).
When t <0 , this means that the value of the VS is 40V.

What happens to the current iL through the inductor...? Does the inductor acts as a short-circuit or open-circuit?
Assuming an Inductor acts as a short-circuit under these conditions, iL= 40V/40ohms =1 Amps


This is my i(0).
Therefore Rth = 20 ohms
t = L/R = 10 / 20 = 1/2

So iL(t) is = 1A(e^(-2t))


When t > 0 , Vin becomes 0 V so the whole circuit becomes an RL circuit which can be simplified using equivalent resistance equation and the final circuit becomes a 20 ohms resistor in series with the inductor.

The energy dissipated by an Inductor is E = (L*i^2) /2 and since we know the initial energy stored in the inductor is (10H( 1A)^2) /2 = 5 Joules,

It must be dissipated by the resistor. So the total energy dissipated by the circuit is 5 J?

The main problem here is with me understand how an inductor behave in this kind of situation (DC I presume). How do we find the initial current and current at infinity? Kind of confused...
 
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You have it right. Inductor current starts at 1A and exponentially falls to zero on a time constant involving L and 20 ohms. The stored energy is all lost, so 5J looks correct.

When voltages are steady, the inductor acts like a short circuit.

You might find it instructive to work out what the voltage across the inductor would look like after t=0. Sketch the graph.
 

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