Can Photons from Distant Quasars Decay into Particle Pairs in Vacuum?

In summary, the conversation discusses the possibility of a photon with an energy higher than 1.02 MeV decaying into particle pairs on its way to Earth. However, due to the conservation of energy and momentum, this is not possible in a vacuum. Material made up of heavy elements must be present for the photon to have a substantial probability of creating e-p pairs. This topic has been previously discussed in other forums.
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intervoxel
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When a photon emitted by a distant quasar arrives, almost certainly has an energy less than 1.02 MeV. If it had a higher value, it likely would have decayed into particle pairs on its way to the Earth. Is this reasoning correct?
 
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By conservation of energy/momentum, a single, isolated photon cannot decay. If a photon decayed into an e- e+ pair, there would be frame in which the pair has zero spatial momentum, but there is no frame in which a photon has zero spatial momentum.
 
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intervoxel said:
When a photon emitted by a distant quasar arrives, almost certainly has an energy less than 1.02 MeV. If it had a higher value, it likely would have decayed into particle pairs on its way to the Earth. Is this reasoning correct?

Please note that in all e-p pair production that we have experimentally done, the energetic photons must pass through a material made up of heavy elements (eg: Mo solid) to get any substantial probability to create such e-p pair. As has been stated, there is a conservation of momentum issue of a photon spontaneously transforming into e-p pair in vacuum. A "heavy" object must be nearby to take up the momentum transfer, thus the use of such heavy material to create e-p pairs.

This has been covered already in many previous threads, such as these:

https://www.physicsforums.com/threa...of-momentum-vs-conservation-of-energy.664025/
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/pair-production-and-gamma-ray.849809/
https://www.physicsforums.com/threa...ron-and-positron-from-isolated-photon.748000/
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/pair-production-and-another-body.140600/

Zz.
 
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What is the definition of "Energy of a distant photon"?

The energy of a distant photon refers to the amount of electromagnetic energy carried by a single photon that is traveling a great distance through space. This energy is proportional to the frequency of the photon, according to the equation E=hf, where h is Planck's constant and f is the frequency of the photon.

How is the energy of a distant photon related to its wavelength?

The energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its wavelength. This means that photons with shorter wavelengths have higher energy, while photons with longer wavelengths have lower energy. This relationship is described by the equation E=hc/λ, where c is the speed of light and λ is the wavelength of the photon.

What is the significance of the energy of a distant photon?

The energy of a distant photon is important because it determines the properties and behavior of the photon. Higher energy photons are more likely to interact with matter and can cause changes in the atomic and molecular structure of materials. The energy of a photon also determines its color and the type of electromagnetic radiation it belongs to.

How is the energy of a distant photon measured?

The energy of a distant photon can be measured using various methods, depending on the type of radiation being studied. In general, the energy of a photon is measured by detecting the amount of energy it transfers to a material when it interacts with it. This can be done using techniques such as spectroscopy or photoelectric effect experiments.

Can the energy of a distant photon change?

Yes, the energy of a distant photon can change through interactions with matter or through the effects of gravity. When a photon interacts with matter, it can be absorbed, reflected, or scattered, which can alter its energy. In addition, the energy of a photon can be affected by gravitational fields, causing it to either gain or lose energy as it travels through space.

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