Akshay_Anti
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Do you believe in existence of extra-terrestrial beings? why/Why not?
Akshay_Anti said:Do you believe in existence of extra-terrestrial beings? why/Why not?
micromass said:I do not believe extra-terrestrial beings visited earth. That just seems silly.
Akshay_Anti said:Why so?
EBENEZR said:I've heard people say that probability states that likelihood is high, but how is this worked out?
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f95toli said:Did you follow the link above to the wiki on Drake's equation?
There are of course a number of unknowns in that equation, but we are getting better data. We e.g. now that that there are planets in a very large proportion of solar systems, and there was no data at all about this when Drake first wrote down his equation.
The problem with this argument is that if even one of the factors in Drake's equation is unknown, then the entire equation fails. I don't mean to say that the equation is entirely useless, only that it fails to predict whether or not we are alone. Here are the factors.f95toli said:Did you follow the link above to the wiki on Drake's equation?
There are of course a number of unknowns in that equaion, but we are getting better data. We e.g. now that that there are planets in a very large proportion of solar systems, and there was no data at all about this when Drake first wrote down his equation.
OmCheeto said:Didn't Clinton claim that Martians once visited the earth? Whatever happened to that?
Jimmy Snyder said:The problem with this argument is that if even one of the factors in Drake's equation is unknown, then the entire equation fails. I don't mean to say that the equation is entirely useless, only that it fails to predict whether or not we are alone. Here are the factors.
R = the average rate of star formation per year in our galaxy
fp = the fraction of those stars that have planets
ne = the average number of planets that can potentially support life per star that has planets
fℓ = the fraction of the above that actually go on to develop life at some point
fi = the fraction of the above that actually go on to develop intelligent life
fc = the fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into space
L = the length of time for which such civilizations release detectable signals into space
f95toli said:I agree. But the point I was making was that we at least know more now than we did 50 years ago.
f95toli said:We a getting close to having good estimates for R, fp and if we limit ourselves to life "as we know it" we could presumably also estimate ne (planets with liquid water etc). I suspect most astrobiologists would agree that fl is a fairly large number. What is missing is good estimates for fl and fc (we can use ourselves as an example to put a lower bound for L, let's say at least 100 years).
f95toli said:Even fairly pessimistic estimates tend to put he number of detectable civilizations in our galaxy to be larger than 1.
f95toli said:Also, the question was extraterestial LIFE -not neccesarily intelligent- in which case the last four factors disapear. This means that the only uncertainty is fl; which -as mentioned above- should be prettly large.
micromass said:Yes, I believe that extra-terrestrial beings exist.
I do not have evidence for this fact, so I acknowledge that I can be wrong, however, the chances that they exist seem pretty large to me.
I do not believe extra-terrestrial beings visited earth. That just seems silly.
trueo said:true, they exist and they may be looking for extra-terrestrial beings too.
arildno said:I feel there is life out there, but have no valid arguments for my position.
arildno said:The problem with this feeling of unlikelihood is, of course, that IF the conditions of intelligent life are so stringent that only one planet in the entire universe can be expected to have them, we by necessity live on that exceptional planet, even though the weird conditions seem perfectly normal to us.
It is our feeling of the normality of our living conditions (in lieu of actual knowledge of the distribution of critical condition) that tempts us into thinking life must exist elsewhere, too.
Jack21222 said:The conditions for life don't seem terribly stringent. All you need are some very common chemical ingredients, a medium for those ingredients to interact, and an energy source.
Now, intelligent life might be a completely different topic. It took billions of years for intelligence to evolve on Earth, but life developed very quickly.
Current hypotheses and research into abiogenesis are already far more complex than presented here and without a comprehensive theory of abiogenesis it's not possible to say at this point exactly what the conditions are. It could turn out that it is extremely common to find RNA, PAH and/or iron-sulphur worlds but that cellular life is incredibly rare to non-existent. Or it could be as you say and that macroscopic life is very common but organisms as "intelligent" as us are incredibly rare to non-existent (I use quotes because IMO it's too ill-defined a word to be of much use here and can lead us in wrong directions).Jack21222 said:The conditions for life don't seem terribly stringent. All you need are some very common chemical ingredients, a medium for those ingredients to interact, and an energy source.
Now, intelligent life might be a completely different topic. It took billions of years for intelligence to evolve on Earth, but life developed very quickly.
Ryan_m_b said:By the way whether or not life developed very quickly on Earth depends entirely on where you're drawing the line on what life is. If you class micelle structures containing autocatalytic RNA as life then you're going to have a date for life on Earth as far earlier than if you drew the line closer to archaea.
That really doesn't change anything I've said. To address this idea of "quickly" a bit further, it's not really appropriate to talk in terms of speed with regards to evolution as it is not a race towards some end goal. Environmental conditions could have been such to favour the evolution of prokaryote-like organisms much earlier (within limits), or much later. Furthermore terms like "quickly" are not only subjective but relative, we may one day find out that one billion years is very slow compared to other planets with life, or the reverse, or neither.Jack21222 said:Prokaryotes developed about 1b years after the Earth was formed. I'd say that is very quick considering the age of the Earth, and the fact that the Earth was basically molten for much of that first 1b years.
So no, it doesn't matter entirely on where you draw the line on what life is. Any reasonable definition of life gets you to "very quickly."
Jimmy Snyder said:fℓ is rather a large problem is it not? If N is the number of candidate planets in the universe, that is, planets that could support life, then this is what we have discovered so far.
It matters a great deal. If it's 1/N, then there is only one planet with life and we are it. In that case what doesn't matter is how large N is.f95toli said:Possibly. But remember that it doesn't really matter if fl is 0.5 or 1e-5; we know that there there are so many planets it our galaxy (not to mention the univerise) that even if you are off by a few orders of magnitude the result is still that there will be a significant number of planets will life out there.
Ryan_m_b said:That really doesn't change anything I've said. To address this idea of "quickly" a bit further, it's not really appropriate to talk in terms of speed with regards to evolution as it is not a race towards some end goal. Environmental conditions could have been such to favour the evolution of prokaryote-like organisms much earlier (within limits), or much later. Furthermore terms like "quickly" are not only subjective but relative, we may one day find out that one billion years is very slow compared to other planets with life, or the reverse, or neither.
A sample size of one really isn't much to draw any conclusions from.
You are using the principle that we are not special to answer the question of whether we are special or not.Jack21222 said:To me, it just seems far more likely that the Copernican principle can be extended to this and we're not in some special place in the entire universe where life can develop.
I don't disagree that people may say that but regardless you can't really say if it is actually quick for that type of event without having other examples. Furthermore it's largely not relevant because without understanding all the conditions for abiogenesis and early evolution we can't know how common they are.Jack21222 said:This planet will exist for roughly 10 billion years. Life developed in the first 10%. While that's subjective, I feel that most people would agree that that's quick.
Like Jimmy I'm seeing some circular reasoning here. We're asking the question "how exceptional is the genesis and evolution of life on Earth?" and you're addressing it with "if we assume that we aren't exceptional then it's likely that we aren't exceptional".Jack21222 said:A sample size of one is plenty to draw conclusions from. We can conclude that life exists in the universe. Us. There are roughly an Avagadro's number of planets in our universe. To me, it just seems far more likely that the Copernican principle can be extended to this and we're not in some special place in the entire universe where life can develop.
Jimmy Snyder said:You are using the principle that we are not special to answer the question of whether we are special or not.
Ryan_m_b said:Like Jimmy I'm seeing some circular reasoning here. We're asking the question "how exceptional is the genesis and evolution of life on Earth?" and you're addressing it with "if we assume that we aren't exceptional then it's likely that we aren't exceptional".
I disagree with your conclusion, whilst we might have a pretty good idea compared to when Drake first came up with his equation it is still not good enough. When you say we have a good idea of chemistry that's being a bit generous but even if we did know that planets with primordial-Earth like chemistry and conditions were common we'd still not know whether or not life was common because we don't have a theory of abiogenesis and so we don't know what the necessary conditions for life are nor the chance that they will give rise to something we'd call life.f95toli said:But the difference is that we are starting to have a pretty good idea of what is going on in other solar systems in terms of the number of planets, chemistry (based on the type of star) etc. When Drake first came up with his equation no one even had any idea of how common planets are, now we know that they are pretty common. We've also found quite a few different types (i.e. rocky planets etc).
Hence, so far everything points towards the fact that we live in a pretty "typical" system; which supports with the idea that our spot in the galaxy is not very special.
fp = the fraction of those stars that have planetsf95toli said:But the difference is that we are starting to have a pretty good idea of what is going on in other solar systems in terms of the number of planets
ne = the average number of planets that can potentially support life per star that has planetsf95toli said:chemistry (based on the type of star) etc.
fp = the fraction of those stars that have planetsf95toli said:When Drake first came up with his equation no one even had any idea of how common planets are, now we know that they are pretty common.
ne = the average number of planets that can potentially support life per star that has planetsf95toli said:We've also found quite a few different types (i.e. rocky planets etc).
EBENEZR said:Yes I did and I find it insufficient to suggest that we are entitled to state likelihood is anything but pitiful no matter how much we want to think life out there is likely - this is wishful thinking, not science.
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How many have we found that can support life? How do we know it can support life with any degree of certainty? Surely any planet is capable of supporting life until we know what all life of all varieties is and isn't capable of surviving. We only have an idea of the upper and lower limits on Earth and even then we often find a new record breaking living organisms.
fℓ
So far, we only know of one, Earth, out of hundreds of planets. Drake's Equation goes on to civilisations... we're still stuck at "well, we haven't found anything microbial yet." in which case, probability is looking pretty low.
EDIT: Sorry I guess I wasn't clear. What I meant by "how is this worked out?" was "how can people come to such an optimistic conclusion?"
micromass said:Other people can explain it better than me:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BRDCxNEuyg
Andre said:So we agree, no science here.
f95toli said:Again, it depends on if you are talking about ET visiting us (which is a ridiculous idea) or the possibility of life (of some sort) on other planets. While we can't say anything for sure about the latter it is definately science.
Andre said:Te reason why I think it's not science is because you can't falsify the idea of ET. If there is no proof now and within the next *fill in any looong era with plenty of zero's* years, you can't say anything.
Drakkith said:But it IS falsebiable in principle. We can't observe every star in the universe, but the underlying principles are easily able to be studied from here on Earth. The same applies to astrobiology. The physical laws that seem to underpin life are able to be studied and tested. We can verify and falsify these laws.
Andre said:Whilst chemical and physical processes should be the same everywhere or not, I don't know, it would allow for ET somewhere sometimes. No doubt about that. But that doesn't mean that we have any idea about it's probability. The Drake Equation could easily end up with an error margin of X digits. Think of a BIG X.
Also interestingly, in the evolution on Earth, nature took many many sidesteps before really evolving brain power of the primates. It took many extinctions, erasing the sort of 'dead ends' in evolution. Drake does not account for that.
Also check this discussion, without recycling carbon due to plate tectonics, carbon based life could tend to terminate itself quickly. All extra restrictions on Drakes equation; apart from why Venus is not like Earth.
Essentially, having an Earth is not enough, you'd also need the happy accidents that led to the brain power evolution of the primates.