- #1
divB
- 85
- 0
Hi,
I am struggling for some time to solve the following integral:
$$
\int_{-n}^{N-n} \left( \frac{e^{-j\pi(\alpha-1)\tau}}{\tau} - \frac{e^{-j\pi(\alpha+1)\tau}}{\tau} \right) d\tau
$$
N is a positive integer, n is an integer, \alpha can be a negative or positive rational number.
I want to express it analytically using exponential integrals E_1(z):
$$
\mathrm{E}_1(z) = \int_z^\infty \frac{e^{-t}}{t}\, dt,\qquad|{\rm Arg}(z)|<\pi
$$
In my opinion, the result should just be
$$
E_1(i\pi(\alpha-1)n) - E_1(-i\pi(\alpha-1)(N-n)) - E_1(-i\pi(\alpha+1)n) + E_1(-i\pi(\alpha+1)(N-n))
$$
I compare my analytical results against a numerical evaluation in MATLAB.
I calculate my analytical results by using E_1(z) (expint in MATLAB) and the numerical version by creating a vector and using trapezoidal rule for integration.
Both match for approximately half of my values but the rest is different by absolute values of 1 or 0.5. Sometimes I even get NaN (undefined) values because \alpha will be -1 and 1 at some point and n will be zero at some point. Still, practically this makes no sense and should not happen (it does not happen with the numerical integration too and the result of the numerical integrations is exactly what I expect).
In order to match the results with my numerical integration, I split the integration and leave out the problematic point around zero (\epsilon\rightarrow 0):
$$
E_1(i\pi(\alpha-1)n) - E_1(-i\pi(\alpha-1)\epsilon) + E_1(i\pi(\alpha-1)\epsilon) - E_1(-i\pi(\alpha-1)(N-n))
-E_1(-i\pi(\alpha+1)n)+E_1(-i\pi(\alpha+1)\epsilon)-E_1(i\pi(\alpha+1)\epsilon)+E_1(-i\pi(\alpha+1)(N-n))
$$
I would expect -E_1(-i\pi(\alpha-1)\epsilon) + E_1(i\pi(\alpha-1)\epsilon) and E_1(-i\pi(\alpha+1)\epsilon)-E_1(i\pi(\alpha+1)\epsilon) to be zero. If they would be, numerical and analytical results would match.However, depending on n, they are \pm i\pi (which ultimately results in the wrong result).
Despite the fact the it is a removeable singularity, do I need to care about something special here?
I am struggling for some time to solve the following integral:
$$
\int_{-n}^{N-n} \left( \frac{e^{-j\pi(\alpha-1)\tau}}{\tau} - \frac{e^{-j\pi(\alpha+1)\tau}}{\tau} \right) d\tau
$$
N is a positive integer, n is an integer, \alpha can be a negative or positive rational number.
I want to express it analytically using exponential integrals E_1(z):
$$
\mathrm{E}_1(z) = \int_z^\infty \frac{e^{-t}}{t}\, dt,\qquad|{\rm Arg}(z)|<\pi
$$
In my opinion, the result should just be
$$
E_1(i\pi(\alpha-1)n) - E_1(-i\pi(\alpha-1)(N-n)) - E_1(-i\pi(\alpha+1)n) + E_1(-i\pi(\alpha+1)(N-n))
$$
I compare my analytical results against a numerical evaluation in MATLAB.
I calculate my analytical results by using E_1(z) (expint in MATLAB) and the numerical version by creating a vector and using trapezoidal rule for integration.
Both match for approximately half of my values but the rest is different by absolute values of 1 or 0.5. Sometimes I even get NaN (undefined) values because \alpha will be -1 and 1 at some point and n will be zero at some point. Still, practically this makes no sense and should not happen (it does not happen with the numerical integration too and the result of the numerical integrations is exactly what I expect).
In order to match the results with my numerical integration, I split the integration and leave out the problematic point around zero (\epsilon\rightarrow 0):
$$
E_1(i\pi(\alpha-1)n) - E_1(-i\pi(\alpha-1)\epsilon) + E_1(i\pi(\alpha-1)\epsilon) - E_1(-i\pi(\alpha-1)(N-n))
-E_1(-i\pi(\alpha+1)n)+E_1(-i\pi(\alpha+1)\epsilon)-E_1(i\pi(\alpha+1)\epsilon)+E_1(-i\pi(\alpha+1)(N-n))
$$
I would expect -E_1(-i\pi(\alpha-1)\epsilon) + E_1(i\pi(\alpha-1)\epsilon) and E_1(-i\pi(\alpha+1)\epsilon)-E_1(i\pi(\alpha+1)\epsilon) to be zero. If they would be, numerical and analytical results would match.However, depending on n, they are \pm i\pi (which ultimately results in the wrong result).
Despite the fact the it is a removeable singularity, do I need to care about something special here?