The discussion clarifies that f(-x) represents a reflection over the y-axis, while -f(x) indicates a reflection over the x-axis. It explores how to represent a reflection over the line y = x, which is denoted as f^{-1}(x), but notes that this only applies if the function is one-to-one. For functions like y = f(x) = x^2, which lack an inverse, the reflection can still be defined as a relation rather than a function. The conversation also touches on reflections over the line y = -x, concluding with the expression -R^{-1}(-x) for that transformation. Understanding these reflections is essential for grasping function behavior in mathematics.