Find the radius of curvature of a particle

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the radius of curvature ρ for a particle moving along a path defined by the parametric equations \(x(t)=a\sin(ωt)\) and \(y(t)=b\cos(ωt)\). The radius of curvature is derived using the formula \(\frac{1}{\text{Radius of curvature}}=|\frac{de_t}{ds}|\), where \(e_t\) is the unit tangent vector. A common mistake identified in the calculations involves the evaluation of the derivative, leading to an incorrect expression for the curvature. An alternative formulation of the radius of curvature is provided, which simplifies the process.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of parametric equations in calculus
  • Familiarity with the concepts of unit tangent and normal vectors
  • Knowledge of derivatives and their applications in physics
  • Basic principles of curvature in differential geometry
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of curvature in parametric forms using the formula \(\frac{1}{R} = |\frac{de_Θ}{ds}|\)
  • Explore the concept of osculating circles and their applications in curvature analysis
  • Learn about the relationship between speed, acceleration, and curvature in particle motion
  • Review online tutorials on curvature and radius of curvature for practical examples
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in mathematics, physics, and engineering who are involved in kinematics and the study of curves will benefit from this discussion. It is particularly useful for those seeking to understand the mathematical foundations of curvature in motion.

PlickPlock
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Homework Statement


A particle is moving on a path parameterized as such:
$$x(t)=a\sinωt \quad y(t)=b\cosωt$$
Find the radius of curvature ρ as a function of time. Give your answer in Cartesian coordinates.

Homework Equations



$$\frac{1} {Radius~of~curvature}=|\frac{de_t}{ds}| $$, where et is the unit tangent vector and s the path length.

The Attempt at a Solution


$$\frac{de_t}{ds}=\frac{de_t}{dt}\frac{dt}{ds}=\frac{1}{v}\frac{de_t}{dt}$$, where v is the speed.
$$\frac{de_t}{dt}=\frac{d}{dt}\frac{\vec v}{v}$$ so$$|\frac{de_t}{ds}|=\frac{1}{v^2}|{\vec a}|$$
Evaluating the derivative gives me $$\frac{\sqrt{a^2ω^4sin^2ωt+b^2ω^4cos^2ωt}}{a^2ω^2cos^2ωt+b^2ω^2sin^2ωt}$$ which is wrong. At which step did I make a mistake?
 
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PlickPlock said:

Homework Statement


A particle is moving on a path parameterized as such:
$$x(t)=a\sinωt \quad y(t)=b\cosωt$$
Find the radius of curvature ρ as a function of time. Give your answer in Cartesian coordinates.

Homework Equations



$$\frac{1} {Radius~of~curvature}=|\frac{de_t}{ds}| $$, where et is the unit tangent vector and s the path length.

The Attempt at a Solution


$$\frac{de_t}{ds}=\frac{de_t}{dt}\frac{dt}{ds}=\frac{1}{v}\frac{de_t}{dt}$$, where v is the speed.
$$\frac{de_t}{dt}=\frac{d}{dt}\frac{\vec v}{v}$$ so$$|\frac{de_t}{ds}|=\frac{1}{v^2}|{\vec a}|$$
Evaluating the derivative gives me $$\frac{\sqrt{a^2ω^4sin^2ωt+b^2ω^4cos^2ωt}}{a^2ω^2cos^2ωt+b^2ω^2sin^2ωt}$$ which is wrong. At which step did I make a mistake?
I'm not sure where you got your definition of the radius of curvature from, but this article contains an alternate formulation:

http://mathworld.wolfram.com/RadiusofCurvature.html

The osculating circle is given by these coordinates (parametrically):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osculating_circle
 
Thanks; that formulation is much easier to work with.
As for the definition I used, it was illustrated using a circle. The full equation would be:
$$|\frac{de_Θ}{ds}|=\frac{1}{R}e_r$$
, where $$e_Θ \quad and \quad e_r$$ are the unit tangent vector and unit normal vector respectively.
What I gleaned from watching online tutorials is that the rate of change of the direction of motion w.r.t path length gives the curvature.
 

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