To find the second diagonal of an arbitrary quadrangle when one diagonal and the four sides are known, one can utilize the properties of triangles formed within the quadrangle. By dividing the quadrangle into two triangles, the angles can be calculated using the known sides and one diagonal. Specifically, angles CAB and CAD can be determined, allowing for the calculation of angle DAB. With two sides and the included angle known in triangle DAB, the second diagonal can be derived. This method, while complex, is a viable approach to solving the problem.