The discussion focuses on the capabilities of the planetarium program The Sky, which can simulate the night sky from 4,700 years ago to 10,000 years into the future. The methodology behind this simulation involves using proper motions for each star, allowing for accurate positioning over time. Users are encouraged to explore the concept of proper motion, particularly in relation to familiar constellations like the Big Dipper, to understand changes over millennia. The program likely employs a combination of small incremental adjustments and a final leap to reach specific historical dates. Overall, the use of proper motion is essential for accurately determining the positions of celestial objects in the past and future.