Dr. Deborah Persaud from Johns Hopkins University announced a groundbreaking case of a child cured of HIV at the 2013 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. The child received antiretroviral treatment immediately after birth, which likely prevented the establishment of viral reservoirs that typically occur in adults who have been infected for a longer period. In adults, HIV can create latent reservoirs in various tissues, making it challenging to eradicate the virus completely. The discussion highlights that while this case represents significant progress, it primarily applies to recent infections, raising hopes for future cures or vaccines. However, skepticism remains due to historical delays in vaccine and cure development for HIV, with participants recalling past promises that have yet to be fulfilled. The difficulty in creating vaccines for RNA viruses, like HIV, is also noted due to their high mutation rates.