Flow line vs equipotential line

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concepts of flow lines and equipotential lines in the context of fluid dynamics, particularly in permeable media. Participants explore the definitions and implications of these lines, their orientations, and the behavior of water particles in relation to boundaries and pressure differences.

Discussion Character

  • Homework-related
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the definition of flow lines, suggesting that line fg cannot be a flow line if water is constrained to move horizontally and not in one direction only.
  • Another participant describes how flow lines are represented by solid curves and explains the behavior of water particles as they travel from point f to g, constrained by an impervious layer below.
  • It is noted that equipotential lines are perpendicular to the impervious boundary, indicating that flow occurs in the direction of decreasing potential, which is horizontal at the boundary in this case.
  • One participant seeks clarification on why horizontal flow corresponds to decreasing potential, linking it to pressure differences created by the dam water overhead.
  • Another participant acknowledges a previous point about the flow line, reinforcing the idea that water cannot rise higher due to the constraints of the surrounding medium.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the definitions and implications of flow lines and equipotential lines. There is no consensus on the correctness of the definitions or the behavior of water in relation to these lines.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about the behavior of water in permeable media and the definitions of flow and equipotential lines may not be fully articulated, leading to potential misunderstandings. The discussion also hints at the complexity of flow patterns in three-dimensional scenarios, which may not be fully captured in the two-dimensional context presented.

tzx9633

Homework Statement


It's stated in the notes that line fg is the flow line . Why is it so ?

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


I think it's wrong . The flow line is defined as a line along which the water paticle travel from upstream to downstream in the permeable medium .

However , in my textbook , it's stated that the water can move only thru the flow net , not in one direction only . So , how could the line fg be the flow line ? How could water flow thru line fg ( horizontally in one direction only) ? [/B]
 

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This isn't my usual area, but I think I follow it.

The solid curves represent flow lines, and as you look deeper below the wall the roughly-circular curves become of greater radius. In the limit, at the fartherest depth, the radius is going to be one of roughly infinite radius, i.e., a straight line.

If you trace the path of a particle of water starting near f (i.e., just above the impervious layer), it will travel directly across to g, hence tracing out its flow line. It can't go deeper (the layer under it is impervious), and it won't rise higher (that would mean going against the flow of water coming from the upper regions), so it is constrained to traveling horizontally from near f over to near g.

A flow net is the 3-D concept they introduce for cases where a 2-D approximation is inadequate. Imagine a permeable medium containing a huge buried basalt boulder—flow around this obstruction will be directed left/right as well as up/down—in a complicated 3-D pattern. There will still be flowlines, but now they'll be in a complicated 3 dimensional non-intersecting pattern.
 
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The equipotential lines are perpendicular to the impervious boundary at ##\overline{fg}##, so they point straight up. The flow is always the the direction of decreasing potential. In this case, that would mean the flow is in the horizontal direction at the boundary.
 
NFuller said:
The equipotential lines are perpendicular to the impervious boundary at ##\overline{fg}##, so they point straight up. The flow is always the the direction of decreasing potential. In this case, that would mean the flow is in the horizontal direction at the boundary.
Why ? Why when the flow is horizontal , the potential is decreasing ?
 
tzx9633 said:
Why ? Why when the flow is horizontal , the potential is decreasing ?
That's why the water moves, it's going from a higher potential to a lower. To the left of the wall the pressure from the dam water overhead is greater, forcing water to migrate to where there's less pressure, from the left to the right.
 
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NascentOxygen said:
it will travel directly across to g, hence tracing out its flow line. It can't go deeper (the layer under it is impervious), and it won't rise higher
thanks for the point
 

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