Fly-by anomaly is back with Juno

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In summary, during spacecraft fly-bys at Earth, it was noticed that their final speed did not match expected values. This difference was too small to affect their missions but too large to be explained by measurement uncertainties. It could be due to poorly understood physics or some new physics. The spacecraft Juno, in orbit around Jupiter, is expected to experience an even stronger effect if it is real, due to Jupiter's large mass and fast rotation. Recent observations suggest that this is indeed the case. Some speculate that this anomaly could be caused by unknown anomalies on Jupiter or a more complex model that includes all the planets and satellites. However, a new model that takes into account Jupiter's tidal forces and multipolar fields has shown that there is no need
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During some spacecraft fly-bys at Earth it was noted that their final speed didn’t match the expected values. The difference was too small to be relevant for their missions, but too large to be explained by simple measurement uncertainties. It is either a poorly understood or forgotten part of known physics or some new physics.

Juno is in a highly elliptic orbit around Jupiter. If the effect is real, we expect it to see an even stronger effect there thanks to Jupiter’s huge mass and potentially its fast rotation. And ... it seems that we do.
https://www.universal-sci.com/headlines/2017/12/04/juno-isnt-exactly-where-its-supposed-to-be-the-flyby-anomaly-is-back-but-why-does-it-happen
Whatever it is, it seems to be stronger at Jupiter.
 
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Really interesting.. Is there a possbility of affected by some anomalies in the Jupiter that we don't know ? Or Maybe a fully GR model can explain but including also other planets and the satellites etc ?

"Their model took into account the tidal forces exerted by the Sun and by Jupiter’s larger satellites – Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto – and also the contributions of the known zonal harmonics. They also accounted for Jupiter’s multipolar fields, which are the result of the planet oblate shape, "

I don't think that we need some new physics to explain it
I think we are missing something since we cannot add all the variables to our equations.

Also
"They also determined that this anomaly appears to be dependent on the ratio between the spacecraft ’s radial velocity and the speed of light, and that this decreases very fast as the craft’s altitude over Jupiter’s clouds changes. These issues were not predicted by General Relativity, so there is a chance that flyby anomalies are the result of novel gravitational phenomena – or perhaps, a more conventional effect that has been overlooked."

What's this means ?
 

1. What is the "Fly-by anomaly"?

The "Fly-by anomaly" is a phenomenon observed in spacecraft trajectories during flybys of Earth or other celestial bodies. It causes the spacecraft to experience a slight and unexplained acceleration, deviating from the expected trajectory.

2. How is the "Fly-by anomaly" related to Juno?

Juno is a spacecraft launched by NASA in 2011 to study the planet Jupiter. During its Earth flyby in 2013, Juno experienced the "Fly-by anomaly" and it has recently been observed again during its flyby of Earth in 2019.

3. Why is the "Fly-by anomaly" significant?

The "Fly-by anomaly" is significant because it is still not fully understood by scientists and has been observed in multiple spacecraft missions. It challenges our current understanding of physics and could potentially lead to new discoveries about the laws of gravity and motion.

4. What are some possible explanations for the "Fly-by anomaly"?

There are several theories proposed to explain the "Fly-by anomaly", including the effect of Earth's magnetic field, the emission of gas particles from the spacecraft, and the presence of dark matter. However, none of these theories have been proven definitively.

5. How will the "Fly-by anomaly" be further studied?

Scientists are planning to use Juno's instruments and data collected during its flybys of Earth and other celestial bodies to investigate the "Fly-by anomaly" further. They will also continue to conduct experiments and simulations to try and understand the cause of this phenomenon.

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