# Fundamental theorem of calculus in terms of Lebesgue integral

1. Mar 21, 2010

### AxiomOfChoice

What restrictions must we place on a real-valued function $$F$$ for

$$F(x) = \frac{d}{dx} \int_a^x F'(y)dy$$

to hold, where "$\int$" is the Lebesgue integral?

2. Mar 21, 2010

### mathman

Your question is confusing (also misstated). You have F = F'.

3. Mar 21, 2010

### AxiomOfChoice

You're right. Sorry. What I meant to ask was what are necessary and sufficient conditions for the equality

$$F(x) = \frac{d}{dx} \int_a^x F(y)dy$$

to hold, when the integral is the Lebesgue (not the Riemann) integral.

4. Mar 22, 2010

### snipez90

I learned the relevant theorems via Kolmogorov & Fomin's Introductory Real Analysis, which is actually a translated and edited version by Richard Silverman. Apparently Silverman added the chapter on differentiation theory, since the material seems to be taken almost directly from Riesz-Nagy's functional analysis text, I think.

Anyways, the first relevant theorem is the following:

(*)The indefinite integral $F(x) = \int_{a}^{x}f(t)\,dt$ of a Lebesgue integrable function f is absolutely continuous.

This direction is pretty easy to prove, and the relevant idea is the continuity of the Lebesgue integral.

The other relevant theorem, which is apparently due to Lebesgue, is the following:

(**)If F is absolutely continuous on [a,b], then the derivative F' is Lebesgue integrable on [a,b], and

$$F(x) = F(a) + \int_{a}^{x}F'(t)\,dt.$$

At least the way I learned it, the bulk of this proof rests in the following lemma:

If f is an absolutely continuous nondecreasing function on [a,b] such that f'(x) = 0 almost everywhere, then f is constant.

Combining (*) and (**) gives you a possible characterization of what you're looking for. If you're unclear about the relevant ideas involved, wikipedia is probably your best bet. Feel free to ask me about any particular definitions that might need clarification, since I know Kolmogorov & Fomin sometimes use definitions that are different but equivalent to those found in more modern texts.