For junior physics majors and math minors without programming knowledge, learning programming is essential for research and engineering roles. Recommended languages include Python, which is beginner-friendly and has strong libraries like SciPy and NumPy for scientific work, making it a solid foundation before moving on to C, which is highly practical. Matlab is also suggested due to its similarities with Python, making it an accessible starting point. For those interested in high-performance computing, C/C++ is advisable, especially for processing-intensive tasks. Fortran, while still in use at institutions like CERN, may not be as relevant for newcomers. Resources for learning Python include Mark Lutz's "Learning Python," which is suitable for absolute beginners.