Hamiltonian for spin-1/2 particle in B-field: units issue

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SUMMARY

The Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle in a magnetic field is given by the formula $$\hat H=\frac{eB}{m}\hat S_z$$, where ##\hat S_z## represents the spin operator. The prefactor ##\frac{eB}{m}## should yield units of angular frequency (##\text{s}^{-1}##), specifically the Larmor frequency, but an initial calculation incorrectly included the speed of light (##c##), leading to confusion over unit consistency. The correct formulation aligns with non-relativistic physics principles, as established in Levy-Leblond's work from the 1960s. The discrepancies in expressions across various sources highlight the importance of distinguishing between SI and CGS units in magnetic field calculations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Hamiltonian mechanics
  • Familiarity with spin-1/2 particle physics
  • Knowledge of magnetic field concepts and units
  • Basic grasp of unit systems, specifically SI and CGS
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  • Research the derivation of the Larmor frequency in non-relativistic quantum mechanics
  • Study the differences between SI and CGS units in electromagnetism
  • Explore Levy-Leblond's contributions to quantum mechanics and Hamiltonian formulations
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Physicists, particularly those specializing in quantum mechanics and electromagnetism, educators teaching advanced physics concepts, and students seeking clarity on unit systems in theoretical physics.

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Take a spin-1/2 particle of mass ##m## and charge ##e## and place it in a magnetic field in the ##z## direction so that ##\mathbf B=B\mathbf e_z##. The corresponding Hamiltonian is
$$\hat H=\frac{eB}{mc}\hat S_z.$$
This must have units of joules overall, and since the eigenvalues of ##\hat S_z## are proportional to ##\hbar## with units ##\text{J s}##, the prefactor ##eB/mc## should have units ##\text s^{-1}##, i.e. it is an angular frequency - specifically the Larmor frequency - and is denoted ##\omega##.

But if we work out the units of ##\omega=eB/mc##, with
\begin{align*}
[e]&=\text C\\
[\mathbf B]&=\text T=\text{kg C}^{-1}\text{ s}^{-1}\\
[m]&=\text{kg}\\
[c]&=\text{ m s}^{-1}
\end{align*}
we get ##\text m^{-1}## overall and not ##\text s^{-1}##.

What am I doing wrong?
 
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There should be no ##c## in the first formula, i.e. the correct one is
$$\hat H=\frac{eB}{m}\hat S_z$$
 
Last edited:
Well, the formula is derivable in non specially-relativistic physics (Levy-Leblond's work in the 1960s), therefore couldn't possibly have a "c" in it, IF ONE USES SI UNITS.
 
Last edited:

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