How Can the Spring Extension Be Determined Using the Lagrangian Method?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on determining the extension of an ideal spring using the Lagrangian method in a system involving two blocks, A and B, with masses M and m, respectively. The participant utilized energy conservation principles and derived the equation (mu)^2(1/m - 1/M) = kx^2 to find the spring extension. They also constructed a Lagrangian L = mu^2 + MU^2 - k(x - X - l)^2, applying the Euler-Lagrange equations but encountered difficulties in relating acceleration to spring extension. Ultimately, they confirmed their results through both energy conservation and Lagrangian mechanics, seeking a simpler solution.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Lagrangian mechanics
  • Familiarity with Hooke's law
  • Knowledge of energy conservation principles
  • Basic calculus for applying Euler-Lagrange equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and application of the Euler-Lagrange equations
  • Explore advanced applications of Hooke's law in dynamic systems
  • Learn about the concept of reduced mass in multi-body systems
  • Investigate alternative methods for solving spring dynamics problems
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Students and professionals in physics, particularly those studying mechanics and dynamics, as well as educators looking for effective methods to teach Lagrangian mechanics and energy conservation in spring systems.

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Homework Statement


An ideal spring of relaxed length l and spring constant k is attached to two blocks, A and B of mass M and m respectively. A velocity u is imparted to block B. Find the length of the spring when B comes to rest.

Homework Equations


∆K + ∆U = 0
U = \frac {kx^2}{2}
∆p = 0
L = K - U

The Attempt at a Solution


[/B]
I used energy conservation to find the answer. I got:

(mu)^2( \frac 1m - \frac1M) = kx^2

Then divide by k and take the square root.

I then tried with the Lagrangian. My coordinates are x and X, where X is the position of B, and x is the position of A. u is the velocity of A and U is the velocity B. And because the solutions will not change if I multiply the Lagrangian, I eliminated the factor of half from the energies. Thus my Lagrangian is:

mu^2 + MU^2 - k(x - X - l)^2 = L

I used the Euler Lagrange equations with respect to x and X. However when I used them I simply end up with Hooke's law. But Hooke's law relates the acceleration to the extension of the spring and I do not have the acceleration. Thus I can't solve for the extension. Plus the solution should depend on the final and initial velocities but it does not.
How could I solve this using the Lagrangian?
Thank you for answering
 
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I set up a new Lagrangian that is in terms of the displacement of the spring. Then I used Hooke's laws from the Lagrangian, and found an equation for the displacement's acceleration. Its Hooke's law, but with the reduced mass, so I solved it, used the velocity of the displacement to find the time, then plugged that in back in the equation of the displacement. I know it is the right answer because the energy answer matches this one, but is there a simpler way of doing this?
Thank you
 

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