How do logarithms convert numbers like 8.7 and -2.3 to whole numbers?

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I am unsure of how they were able to change 8.7 to 8 and make -2.3 to 2. Whats the explanation behind this?
 
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mohabitar said:
5fdsQ.png


I am unsure of how they were able to change 8.7 to 8 and make -2.3 to 2. Whats the explanation behind this?

It's not that 8.7 was changed to 8, but that \lfloor8.7\rfloor was changed to 8,since 8.7 rounded down is 8.
 
And \lceil -2.3 \rceil is rounded up to -2.
 
Ohhhh I didnt even notice those were the ceiling and floor functions, I thought they were just brackets! Thanks!
 

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