How do we know that chemical bonds are made of electrons(sharing)?

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The discussion centers on the scientific basis for the theory that chemical bonds, particularly covalent bonds, are formed through electron sharing between atoms. Participants question the evidence supporting this theory, noting the established existence of electrons as a particle common to all elements, which lends credibility to the concept of electron involvement in bonding. The discovery of electrons through experiments, such as those involving glowing tubes, is highlighted as a significant factor in accepting their role in chemical bonding. However, the conversation seeks further evidence specifically linking electrons to the bonding process itself. The reference to Linus Pauling's "The Nature of the Chemical Bond" suggests a resource for deeper understanding of these concepts.
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We all have been studying chemical bonds, specifically covalent, told to us that it composes of electron sharing between participating atoms. But do we have a scientific evidence that somehow conforms or substantiates this theory?

For example, We have evidence to 'believe' in electrons. The discovery of electron as a particle common to all elements, supports this. The discovery of electron, involving glowing tube, was a macroscopic one and maybe that is the reason it seems very convincing to 'believe' in the existence of electrons.

But from where comes the idea that it is the electrons that participate in bonding? Do we have evidence that supports this?
 
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