To calculate deceleration in motion problems, the formula x = x0 + v0t + (1/2)at² is used, where negative acceleration indicates deceleration. In the scenario with two trains, each decelerating at 1.0 m/s² from speeds of 72 km/h and 133 km/h, the braking distance can be determined using the equation vf² = vi² + 2ad, even without specified time. For the flowerpot problem, the total time of 0.35 seconds and the height of 2.10 m can be analyzed using kinematic equations, but additional information or assumptions may be necessary to solve for the maximum height above the window. Understanding the context and applying the correct formulas is crucial for solving these physics problems effectively.