How does a Faraday Cage block electric fields?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the functioning of a Faraday Cage and the underlying principles that explain why the electric field inside a conducting shell is effectively zero when external charges are present. Participants explore concepts such as polarization, electrostatic induction, and the implications of Gauss' Law in this context.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why polarization in a Faraday Cage cancels out the electric field and whether this can be demonstrated using Gauss' Law.
  • Another participant suggests that the electric field does not fully cancel out, particularly in the context of a spherical shell, and asks for clarification on how this cancellation occurs.
  • A participant explains that charge will flow in a conductor until the electric field is balanced, emphasizing the role of the conductor's ability to allow charge movement.
  • There is a discussion about the implications of electric fields in the cavity of a shell and how they affect the electrons in the conductor, with one participant asserting that the electric field does influence the electrons due to electrostatic induction.
  • One participant mentions practical applications of Faraday cages in engineering, particularly in preventing high-frequency electric fields from escaping electronic devices.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the extent to which the electric field is canceled inside a Faraday Cage, with some asserting that it is fully canceled while others suggest it may not be complete. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the exact mechanisms and implications of these phenomena.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about the nature of conductors and the conditions under which electric fields are canceled may not be fully articulated, and the discussion does not reach a consensus on the application of Gauss' Law in this context.

solzonmars
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Why does a Faraday Cage work? (or more generally, why does the inside of a conducting shell have no electric field if there are charges placed outside it?)

I understand that this is the result of polarisation, but why does the polarisation happen to exactly cancel out the field? Could there be a way to prove this with Gauss' Law?
 
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Ah, so it doesn't actually cancel out fully. I was intending to use a Faraday cage as an example of a charged conductor (in the Falstad stimulation I had actually used a spherical shell). Any idea why a spherical shell would cancel out the field though?
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solzonmars said:
why does the polarisation happen to exactly cancel out the field?
If it isn't balancing then charge will flow until it is. A Faraday cage is metallic (a good conductor) to allow charges to move as necessary.
 
Simplistically... Units of an electric field are volts/meter. Can you can't have a voltage gradient across an ideal conductor?
 
Nor with a 'real' conductor when the current has stopped. (Static case)
 
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@sophiecentaur I understand what you mean for a solid conducting object, but for a shell does the electric field in the centre cavity actually affect the electrons in the conductor?
 
solzonmars said:
@sophiecentaur I understand what you mean for a solid conducting object, but for a shell does the electric field in the centre cavity actually affect the electrons in the conductor?
It does. If there is charge inside the shell, an E field exists within the shell. Opposite charge (which is electrons moving either towards the inside surface or away from it depending on the sign of the inside charge) will move to the inside surface of the shell due to electrostatic induction. The opposite charge will be equal in magnitude (total coulombs) to the internal charge so that the net E field within the metal is everywhere zero. And charge equal in magnitude and sign to the internal charge will accumulate on the outside of the shell.
 
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Some engineers spend a lot of time trying to prevent high frequency electric fields escaping from products like computers and smart TV. Using a Faraday cage is one tool in their armoury.
 

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