How does one get time dilation, length contraction, and E=mc^2 from spacetime metric?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on deriving time dilation, length contraction, and the equation E=mc² from the spacetime metric given by the equation x₁² + x₂² + x₃² - c²t² = s². Participants explore various methods and resources for these derivations, including the use of Lorentz transformations and the implications of energy and momentum conservation.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant asks how to derive time dilation, length contraction, and E=mc² from the spacetime metric, seeking the most direct method.
  • Another participant suggests consulting "Spacetime Physics" by Taylor and Wheeler as a resource covering these topics.
  • A participant shares a link to a Wikipedia page that outlines a concise way to derive time dilation and length contraction from the spacetime metric.
  • One participant proposes starting with time dilation by equating squared distances in different frames of reference and solving for the ratio of time intervals.
  • Another participant expresses skepticism about deriving E=mc² solely from the metric, suggesting that energy and momentum conservation must also be considered, leading to the relation E² - p²c² = m²c⁴.
  • This participant notes that when momentum is zero, the special case E=mc² can be derived.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on whether E=mc² can be derived solely from the spacetime metric, with some suggesting additional principles are necessary. Multiple viewpoints on the derivation methods remain present.

Contextual Notes

Some limitations include the dependence on prior knowledge of energy and momentum conservation and the potential need for additional assumptions or definitions not explicitly stated in the discussion.

RelativeQuant
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How does one get time dilation, length contraction, and E=mc^2 from the spacetime metric?

Suppose all that you are given is x12 + x22 + x32 - c2t2 = s2

How do you derive time dilation, length contraction, and E=mc^2 from this?

What is the most direct way to do this?
 
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You should take a look at Spacetime Physics, by Taylor and Wheeler, where this is all covered. It's only about 100 pages.
 
Thanks! Is there a quick answer of any resources on the web? Thanks! :)
 
RelativeQuant said:
How do you derive time dilation, length contraction, and E=mc^2 from this?
What is the most direct way to do this?

Start with time dilation. The squared distance between (0,0,0,0) and (T,vT,0,0) must equal the squared distance between (0,0,0,0) and (T',0,0,0) because it's the same interval between the same two points, namely the endpoints of a journey taken at speed ##v## as viewed by the traveller (primed coordinates) and an observer moving at speed ##v## relative to the traveller (unprimed coordinates). Use the metric to calculate the squared distances, equate them, and solve for the ratio of T' to T.
 
RelativeQuant said:
OK I found a concise way to derive time dilation & length contraction from the spacetime metric:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introd...contractions:_more_on_Lorentz_transformations

Does anyone know how to derive E=mc^2 from time dilation and/or length contraction? Or from the spacetime metric?

Thanks! :)
This is not a simple. I don't think it can really be derived from the metric alone. You need to bring in, for example, energy and momentum conservation. Then, what you end up deriving from this plus the metric is E2 - p2c2 = m2c4 (once you have the right prior motivation, this just says that the 4-norm of m * 4-velocity unit vector is m, which is trivially true). When momentum is zero, you have the special case E=mc2.
 
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