There are approximately 37 genes in human mitochondrial DNA that code for proteins, while there are over 20,000 genes in nuclear DNA that code for proteins.
Mitochondrial DNA is only responsible for coding proteins that are essential for the function of the mitochondria, while nuclear DNA codes for a much wider range of proteins that are necessary for all cellular functions.
No, mitochondrial DNA is specifically designed to code for proteins that are involved in the function of the mitochondria, such as those involved in energy production.
Yes, mitochondrial DNA uses a slightly different genetic code than nuclear DNA, resulting in some differences in the amino acid sequences of the proteins they code for.
Yes, mutations in mitochondrial DNA can result in the loss or alteration of proteins that are essential for mitochondrial function, which can have serious consequences for cellular health.