The discussion centers on the concept of observability in the universe, particularly in relation to realism and anti-realism. It highlights that anything beyond 13.x billion light years is not directly observable, though it could be perceived from a different vantage point. The conversation emphasizes that observability is influenced by the sensory capabilities of the observer, suggesting that different organisms may perceive reality differently based on their sensory systems. It distinguishes between various types of observability: some phenomena are directly observable (like electromagnetic phenomena), while others are inferred (such as dark matter), statistical (like virtual particles), or purely theoretical (like tachyons). The overall inquiry reflects a deeper philosophical question about the limits of human perception and what remains undetectable despite advancements in detection methods.