The discussion highlights the practical applications of advanced mathematics, particularly calculus and number theory, in various industries such as military and insurance. A former contract programmer and actuary shares experiences of translating complex formulas into code, emphasizing that while calculus is often embedded in software, actuaries may not directly use it but must understand its principles. The conversation also touches on the relevance of calculus in data science roles, where foundational knowledge is crucial even if direct application is rare. Additionally, there is a query about resources for understanding the actuarial profession in depth, with a suggestion to engage with experienced actuaries for insights rather than relying solely on internet sources. The importance of credible conversations and diverse perspectives in learning about the field is underscored.