How to Manipulate the LSB of Each Byte in a 24-Bit BMP Image?

[hadi amiri 4]

Hello every body :
i am very new to programming ,i am trying to write a programme that will work on the LSB of each byte in a 24 bit picture.
now my question is how to treat a .bmp file ,i mean can i consider it as an array of integers with leth (for example)800x600.
and start to changing the LSB of bytes after a specific element (0x36 where the image datas strat) or i should define some structure for keeping the different parts of the bmp like header and...

or i should treat it as a binary file or a text file?

 

[Borek]

For example:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP_file_format

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa446563.aspx#scibf_topic3

plus zillions of other pages that describe every aspect of the file structure.

 

[Mark44]

A .bmp file is a binary file, not a text file. And you don't want an array of integers, since they won't align with the data in your file, which is 24 bits/pixel, probably with 8 bits each for red, green, and blue. The int data type in C is typically 32 bits, but might be 16 bits for an older compiler.

 

[hadi amiri 4]

I know the internal structure of .bmp and i know that it is made of headers which contains information about the .bmp like width,height ,bitdepth.
but my problem is that how to open it into my program .i have seen lots of codes on the internet that are named for example "bitmaploader" or thing like this which are concerned with complicated structures and use of I/O functions which are far from the contents of what i have learned .my knowledge of programming is very little and i got confused when i go through them can anyone give me some make it more clear for me .

 

[Borek]

Sorry, these are not things that can be done without some knowledge. If you don't understand code that you see, you probably need to learn more before trying.

You have to treat the file as binary, open it, read part of the content into header structure, then the rest into allocated memory.

 

[hadi amiri 4]

in page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP_file_format" at the bottom ther is a table which draws the contents of the a 2x2 bmp pictures
the are in 0x :42 4D 46 00 00 00 00 00 36 00 ...00 FF 00 00 00
so they are separate numbers stored in bytes,and if i (for example) want to modify the LSB of pixels
i start to modifying from the 0x36th byte is it legal?

 

[hadi amiri 4]

Sorry, these are not things that can be done without some knowledge. If you don't understand code that you see, you probably need to learn more before trying.

You have to treat the file as binary, open it, read part of the content into header structure, then the rest into allocated memory.

Dear Borek
Can you translate the last sentence into C language i would be very thankful

 

[Borek]

This is your lucky day, I found something almost ready on my disk. This can be my unlucky day, as I guess posting it I risk of being bombarded with tons of questions about the code. So here goes disclaimer - this is part of an old project, part that I have not tested now. Basically I am posting it 'as is' - I can't guarantee it will work nor I I can't guarantee I will answer any questions you may ask.

#include "stdafx.h"

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	FILE *f;
	BITMAPINFOHEADER bmphdr;
	BITMAPFILEHEADER bmpfhdr;
	char *pBMP,*pch;
	int iBW;

// open file
	if ((f = fopen("name.bmp","rb")) == NULL) return -1;
// read headers
	fread(&bmpfhdr,sizeof(bmpfhdr),1,f);
	fread(&bmphdr,sizeof(bmphdr),1,f);
// width of the picture as stored in memory - note, it works only for RGB pictures
	iBW = (3*bmphdr.biWidth + 3) & (0xFFFFFFFF ^ 0x3);

// allocate memory for image data
	pBMP = new char[iBW*bmphdr.biHeight];
// read image data
	fread(pBMP,sizeof(char),iBW*bmphdr.biHeight,f);

// calculate pointer to point at coordinates (100,100)
	int x = 100, y = 100; 
	pch = pBMP + 3*x + (bmphdr.biHeight-y-1)*iBW;

	fclose(f);

	delete pBMP;

	return 0;
}

To save file to disk write same data in the same order to file.

Note that you may expect problems with signed/unsigned char when trying to modify picture in memory, I don't remember what were compiler settings at the time.

 

[hadi amiri 4]

Thank you Borek for this piece of code.i will go to implement it to what i want.and don't worry i will not bombard you with questions until i read it (the codes)carefully and check my courses stuff.but be ready !

 

[hadi amiri 4]

what is wrong with this code?

typedef unsigned long DWORD;
typedef unsigned short WORD;


typedef struct {
    int Signature;
	DWORD Size;
	DWORD Reserved;
	DWORD BitsOffset;
} BITMAP_FILEHEADER;


typedef struct {
	DWORD HeaderSize;
	DWORD Width;
	DWORD Height;
	WORD Planes;
	WORD BitCount;
	DWORD Compression;
	DWORD SizeImage;
	DWORD PelsPerMeterX;
	DWORD PelsPerMeterY;
	DWORD ClrUsed;
	DWORD ClrImportant;

} BITMAP_HEADER;

#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
    FILE * fp;
    BITMAP_FILEHEADER bmpheader;
    BITMAP_HEADER bmpinfheader;
    int raw_data_size;
    char *pixel;

    //openning file
    fp=fopen("c:\\pic.bmp","rb");

    /*if(fp==NULL){
        printf("error in opennig file");
        exit(1);
    }*/



    fread(&bmpheader,sizeof(bmpheader),1,fp);//reads the header
    fread(&bmpinfheader,sizeof(bmpinfheader),1,fp);//reads the info header

    raw_data_size=bmpheader.SizeImage;//stores the size of raw bitmaps

    pixel=new char [raw_data_size];//create an array for holding the pixels

    fread(pixel,sizeof(char),raw_data_size,fp);//reads them from memory to aray

    printf("%x",bmpheader.Signature);//prints 424D

    fclose(fp);
    return 0;
}