Dear Biscuit,
The students who took Phys 1 and Phys 2 at Caltech, the courses Feynman taught in 1961-63, were freshman and sophomores, so they were a little older than you are when they began. Also, I might add, they were amongst the brightest kids in math/science in the US, as Caltech has extremely high entrance standards. All of these students had studied mathematics through trigonometry; some had studied calculus, but most were taking calculus for the first time concurrently with Phys 1. The course consisted of three parts: lectures (for which attendance was optional), recitation sections where homework and tests were assigned and discussed, and labs (both of the latter being mandatory).
The reason there are no exercises in FLP is because the exercises were published separately, and they have recently been republished, complete with answers, as
Exercises for The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Whoever wrote FLP is not intended for teaching basic physics on the basis that it lacks exercises doesn't know what they are talking about. People who claim that FLP isn't appropriate as a textbook tend to come in two flavors: those who are not sufficiently talented or hard-working to follow the book, and those who are parroting what other people say about it. Those who are able and willing to read FLP with comprehension appreciate it much more. I recently attended the 50th reunion of Caltech's 1965 Alumni where I met many of Feynman's students, and though some of them found the course difficult, most realized they were having a privileged experience, and all of them felt they had gained a good basic physics education from it. Of course they also learned a lot in the recitation sections and labs. You can't learn physics just by reading (or listening to) lectures. You have to work on solving physics problems - lots of them - and lab work is also very important, even for someone planning to be a theoretician. So... getting back to your original question: you need to know the calculus in order to understand (most of) FLP. There are some instructions on basic differentiating and integrating in the book, but not enough, really. So, I suggest you tackle the calculus, and get reasonably good at solving calculus problems, before tackling FLP. If you have further questions you may write to me directly.Michael A. Gottlieb
Editor, The Feynman Lectures on Physics New Millennium Edition
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mg@feynmanlectures.info
www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu
P.S. In the book
Feynman's Tips on Physics you can find three "remedial" lectures on problem-solving that Feynman gave shortly before his Phys 1 students' were administered their first final exam. In these lectures Feynman discusses the mathematics one needs to know for his course, and also shows how to solve a bunch of elementary physics problems, which you might find helpful.