The discussion highlights the implications of Gödel's incompleteness theorem on mathematical systems, particularly those capable of proving arithmetic, such as second-order propositional calculus and ZF set theory, which are either undecidable or incomplete. However, it notes that not all mathematical systems face these limitations, citing Tarski's 1948 proof of completeness in geometry and recent findings regarding operations with real numbers. The conversation emphasizes that physics does not aim to establish mathematical completeness and operates within a subset of mathematics to simplify complex phenomena. Therefore, it is not inevitable that the mathematics used in physics will encounter Gödel-related issues. Ultimately, the relationship between mathematical completeness and physical theories remains an open question.