Impedance matching and Smith diagram.

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on impedance matching using Smith diagrams, specifically addressing a transmission line with load impedance ZL and the associated matching network. The normalized admittance values Y1 and Z2 are given as Y1=1.2j and Z2=1.2j, with the discussion revealing that the matching network cannot accommodate a load with a real part of admittance greater than 1.6. The user successfully calculated possible values of the transmission line length d as 0.133λ and 0.383λ, while also exploring the implications of cutoff stubs for implementing Y1 and Z2. The final lengths for the stubs were determined to be 0.14λ and 0.39λ.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Smith charts and their application in RF engineering.
  • Knowledge of impedance matching techniques and transmission line theory.
  • Familiarity with normalized impedance and admittance calculations.
  • Basic concepts of microwave engineering, particularly cutoff stubs.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of Smith charts in impedance matching for RF circuits.
  • Learn about the theory and design of cutoff stubs in microwave engineering.
  • Explore the concept of double stub matching as detailed in "Microwave Engineering" by David Pozar.
  • Investigate advanced techniques for calculating normalized admittance in complex networks.
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineers, RF designers, and students studying microwave engineering who are looking to deepen their understanding of impedance matching and Smith diagrams.

peripatein
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May I pose a question concerning impedance matching and Smith diagrams?
 
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If you don't have a hurry i can take look.
 
I'd certainly be grateful :-).
Please see attached diagram. The question reads as follows:
In order to match (impedance wise) a transmission line without any losses to a load with impedance ZL the matching network is used, as shown in the diagram attached. Both Z2 and Y1 in the diagram are pure imaginary and connected in parallel and in series (as shown) to a transmission line of length d. It is stated that the matching network cannot match a load with admittance whose real part is greater than 1.6. I am then asked to use a Smith chart to determine the possible values of d. I did that, hopefully successfully, and obtained d=0.133λ, 0.383λ. The question then states the possible values of d to be d1=0.4λ and d2=0.1λ. The normalized Y1 and Z2 of the network are also given, as Y1=1.2j and Z2=1.2j. At this point I am asked to find all the possible values of the normalized admittance YL for which a perfect matching is obtained at point A in the diagram.
I am not really sure how to determine that using the Smith chart. I have tried writing the following equation, but I am not sure it'd get me somewhere:
YinA=1=Y2+YinT+Y1+YL, all normalized of course and where YinT refers to the transmission line.
I'd appreciate some guidance.
 

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I try to solve for d=0.1λ. If it is correct you can follow same procedure.

Firts, if there is a match, impedance of point A should be 1.
Now, we can find impedance of point B(please check attachments).
ZB=ZA-Z2=1-1.2j

Now, show this impedance on the chart. Wave length of this point is 0.168λ(towards the load). If we turn 0.1λ towards the load we can find impedance of point C.

ZC=3+1.8j . YC=(1)/(ZC)

YC=0.311-0.083j
YC=YL+Y1
YL=0.311-1.28j

I hope this is helpful :)
 

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Would it please be possible for you to take better shots of the two sheets (calculations+chart)? It is very difficult to read them.
 
I'm sorry about the pics. Here, i hope it is better
 

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It looks great, thank you so, so much!
The last section of the question says that Y1 and Z2 are now implemented via cutoff stubs of length l1 and l2 respectively. I am asked to find the shortest lengths. What are cutoff stubs? Are they stubs with cutoff at their extremity (instead of, let's say, short)?
 
I don't know what is a cutoff stub. For double stub matching you can check the book Microwave Engineering by David Pozar.
 
I have asked my instructor for clarification on the "cutoff stubs" and it appears the question asks for a way to realize Z2 and Y1 using two stubs which have a cutoff at their extremities, i.e. zero admittance. I hence tried to move towards the generator along the circle r=0 from the leftmost extremity in the chart (where Y=0) to Y1 (=1.2j). The distance was found to be 0.14λ. I then moved along the same path until I reached Y2=-0.83j, a distance equal to 0.39λ. I therefore concluded that these should be the lengths of the stubs used in order to realize Z2 and Y1. Does that seem correct to you (my approach and numerical values obtained)?
 

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