To integrate the function f(x) = (x^3 + 3x + 12) / (x(x+2)^2), it is essential to rewrite the polynomial using partial fractions. The correct approach involves expressing f(x) as a sum of fractions: f(x) = A/x + B/(x+2) + C/(x+2)^2, where A, B, and C are constants to be determined. Long division should be performed first since the degree of the numerator exceeds that of the denominator. After dividing, the resulting expression can be decomposed into partial fractions for easier integration. This method ensures the numerator is of lower degree than the denominator, which is necessary for partial fraction decomposition to work correctly.