Integration of a composite function

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Integrating a composite function, represented as ∫f(g(x)) dx, often involves the technique of substitution, which depends on the specific functions f and g. There is no universal method for integration like there is for differentiation. However, if the integral is in the form ∫f(g(x))g'(x)dx, it simplifies to ∫f(u)du, where u = g(x). This approach mirrors the chain rule in differentiation, emphasizing that the derivative of the inner function must be present in the integral. Understanding this relationship is crucial for effectively integrating composite functions.
Nisheeth
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Homework Statement


The question I have is a more general one, but one I can't find an anser to since I don't have any access to a book on integration at the moment.

How do we Integrate a composite function.

∫f(g(x)) dx

Homework Equations



The Attempt at a Solution

 
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A technique that might work is substitution. But it depends on the specific values of f and g, really.
 
Ok, so that means that there is not general method like for integration, as there is for differentiation?
Nonetheless thanks!
 
Nisheeth said:
Ok, so that means that there is not general method like for integration, as there is for differentiation?
Nonetheless thanks!

If you have ∫f(g(x))g'(x)dx, then this is equal to the simpler ∫f(u)du. This is the analogue to the chain rule for integrals. I say it in words as, the derivative of the inside must appear outside.
 
Question: A clock's minute hand has length 4 and its hour hand has length 3. What is the distance between the tips at the moment when it is increasing most rapidly?(Putnam Exam Question) Answer: Making assumption that both the hands moves at constant angular velocities, the answer is ## \sqrt{7} .## But don't you think this assumption is somewhat doubtful and wrong?

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