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We have a constant ratio of them in vacuum. Is it same in a medium also? Or not? And in any case, what is the reason?
The ratio of permittivity to permeability is constant in a vacuum but varies in different media. In materials, the relative permittivity (ε_r) and relative permeability (μ_r) are independent and depend on the atomic, molecular, and bulk properties of the substance. For instance, water exhibits a relative permittivity of approximately 80 at low frequencies and about 1.8 at optical frequencies due to the polarization of water molecules. In contrast, relative permeability remains close to 1 across various frequencies, except in ferromagnetic materials.
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