Ladder operators to find Hamiltonian of harmonic oscillator

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the Hamiltonian for a harmonic oscillator using ladder operators, specifically the definitions of the annihilation and creation operators, denoted as $$\hat {a}_{\pm}$$. The user encountered difficulties transitioning from the expression involving the commutator $$[\hat {x}, \hat {p}] = i \hbar$$ to the final Hamiltonian form. The correct Hamiltonian is established as $$H = \frac{\hat{p}^2}{2m} + \frac{1}{2} m \omega^2 \hat{x}^2$$, confirming the importance of accurate algebraic manipulation in quantum mechanics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, particularly Hamiltonian mechanics.
  • Familiarity with ladder operators in quantum physics.
  • Knowledge of commutation relations, specifically $$[\hat{x}, \hat{p}] = i \hbar$$.
  • Proficiency in algebraic manipulation of operators and expressions.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the Hamiltonian using ladder operators in quantum mechanics.
  • Learn about the implications of commutation relations in quantum systems.
  • Explore Griffiths' "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics" for detailed explanations on harmonic oscillators.
  • Practice problems involving the application of ladder operators to various quantum systems.
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Students and professionals in physics, particularly those specializing in quantum mechanics, as well as educators seeking to clarify the derivation of the Hamiltonian for harmonic oscillators.

gfd43tg
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Hello, I was just watching a youtube video deriving the equation for the Hamiltonian for the harmonic oscillator, and I am also following Griffiths explanation. I just got stuck at a part here, and was wondering if I could get some help understanding the next step (both the video and book glanced over this part)

Video Link

The derivation starts at about 8:00

First defining
$$\hat {a}_{\pm} = \frac {1}{\sqrt{2 \hbar m \omega}}( \mp i \hat {p} + m \omega \hat {x})$$

$$ \hat {a}_{-} \hat {a}_{+} = \frac {1}{2 \hbar m \omega}(i \hat {p} + m \omega \hat {x})(-i \hat {p} + m \omega \hat {x}) $$
$$ = \frac {1}{2 \hbar m \omega}( \hat {p}^{2} + i m \omega \hat {p} \hat {x} - i m \omega \hat {x} \hat {p} + m^{2} \omega^{2} \hat {x}^{2}) $$
$$ = \frac {1}{2 \hbar m \omega}( \hat {p}^{2} - i m \omega (\hat {x} \hat {p} - \hat {p} \hat {x}) + m^{2} \omega^{2} \hat {x}^{2})$$
And I know the commutator ##[\hat {x}, \hat {p}] = i \hbar##
$$ = \frac {1}{2 \hbar m \omega}( \hat {p}^{2} - i m \omega ( i \hbar) + m^{2} \omega^{2} \hat {x}^{2} )$$
At this point both the video and Griffiths stop, although each do something different
I have no idea how Griffiths goes from this
upload_2015-3-5_0-11-14.png

To this
upload_2015-3-5_0-14-12.png

I will continue with what I was doing,
$$ = \frac {1}{2 \hbar m \omega}( \hat {p}^{2} + m \omega \hbar + m^{2} \omega^{2} \hat {x}^{2})$$
$$ = \frac {1}{2 \hbar m \omega}\hat {p}^{2} + \frac {1}{2 \hbar^{2} m^{2} \omega^{2}} + \frac {m \omega \hat {x}^{2}}{2 \hbar} $$
And from here I am not sure how both the video and Griffiths conclude
upload_2015-3-5_0-14-34.png

How do I get to the answer from my steps? Since I am not skipping..
 

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Maylis said:
I will continue with what I was doing,
=12(p̂ 2+(i)+m2ω2x̂ 2)

= \frac {1}{2 \hbar m \omega}( \hat {p}^{2} + m \omega ( i \hbar) + m^{2} \omega^{2} \hat {x}^{2})


There is an i too much in the term in the middle
Maylis said:
=12mωp̂ 2+122m2ω2+mωx̂ 22


The term in the middle is again wrong...
Basically the last two equations you wrote before the Griffiths insert are wrong.
Once you have them right, you know that the Hamiltonian is
H=\dfrac{p^2}{2 m} + \dfrac{1}{2} m \omega^2 x^2
 
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Woops, I caught my error and now I am able to see how it was done. Thanks.
 

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