When considering a language to learn after C++, several options are highlighted based on different goals. SQL is recommended for those interested in database management, while BASIC is mentioned but not strongly endorsed. For a continuation in science, gaming, or robotics, sticking with C/C++ is advised, with C being beneficial for understanding fundamental programming concepts. Java is suggested as a similar language to C++ due to shared object-oriented principles. For those seeking different paradigms, Lisp and Prolog are noted for their relevance in AI. Additionally, languages like HTML and XML are mentioned for their utility in markup and query contexts. The discussion also touches on the importance of understanding specific tools and packages relevant to the desired career path, such as game development or web applications. Lastly, assembly language is mentioned for those interested in low-level programming, particularly for specific devices like calculators.