Limits of Partial Charges in Dipoles

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the limits of partial charges in dipoles, specifically addressing the assertion that partial charges are always less than the unit electronic charge (1.6×10−19 C). It is established that in double or triple bonds, electronegative atoms cannot pull the shared electron cloud to create charges exceeding this limit. This limitation is attributed to the inherent properties of anions, which lack sufficient electronegativity to achieve such charge magnitudes. The concept of zwitterions is also relevant in understanding charge distribution in dipoles.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of dipole moments and partial charges
  • Knowledge of electronegativity and its effects on bond formation
  • Familiarity with molecular structures, particularly double and triple bonds
  • Basic concepts of zwitterions and their role in charge distribution
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the properties of zwitterions and their implications in molecular chemistry
  • Study the concept of electronegativity and its quantitative measures
  • Explore the behavior of electron clouds in covalent bonding scenarios
  • Investigate the implications of partial charges in molecular interactions and reactivity
USEFUL FOR

Chemistry students, molecular biologists, and researchers interested in the behavior of dipoles and charge distribution in chemical compounds.

tbn032
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In my book it is written "Ends of dipole possesses partial charges. Partial charges are always less than the unit electronic charge (1.6×10−19 C)".
Suppose in a double bond(two electron is shared by each atom) or triple bond(three electrons are shared by each atom), can the electronegative atom pull the shared electron cloud to the extent that the charges at the end of the dipole exceed 1.6×10−19 C.why is that not possible? Is it because the anions are not electronegative to that extent, hence they cannot pull the electron cloud to the extent that the charges at the end of the dipole exceed 1.6×10−19 C?
 
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