Mapping of algebraic function to Riemann surface?

jackmell
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When we map the algebraic function, w(z), to a Riemann surface we essentially create a new "Riemann" coordinate system over a surface that is called the "algebraic function's Riemann surface".

This mapping allows one to create single-valued functions, f(z,w), of the coordinate points over this surface, including the underlying algebraic function f(z,w)=w, that are single-valued, analytic functions except at special points called singular points.

May I ask what exactly is this type of mapping called?
 
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A sphere as topological manifold can be defined by gluing together the boundary of two disk. Basically one starts assigning each disk the subspace topology from ##\mathbb R^2## and then taking the quotient topology obtained by gluing their boundaries. Starting from the above definition of 2-sphere as topological manifold, shows that it is homeomorphic to the "embedded" sphere understood as subset of ##\mathbb R^3## in the subspace topology.
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