Graduate and undergraduate grades, clinical experience, and letters of recommendation are critical factors in medical physics residency applications. Different programs prioritize various attributes; research-focused residencies favor candidates with strong academic backgrounds, publications, and PhDs, while clinical residencies emphasize hands-on experience and performance in relevant projects. Familiarity with specific graduate programs can influence selection, as residency coordinators often prefer candidates from programs they trust. Interpersonal skills are essential, as the demanding nature of the field requires collaboration under pressure. Candidates should demonstrate a clear understanding of and enthusiasm for the specific residency program they are applying to, as generic applications are less likely to succeed.