Metric Connection from Geodesic Equation

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the derivation of geodesic equations from the two-dimensional metric defined as ds² = a²(dθ² + sin²θ dφ²). The Euler-Lagrange equations yield the equations of motion: &ddot;φ + 2(cosθ/sinθ)˙θ˙φ = 0 and &ddot;θ - sinθ cosθ ˙φ² = 0. The only non-zero terms of the metric connection are identified as Γθφφ = -sinθ cosθ and Γφθφ = Γφφθ = cosθ/sinθ. The discussion clarifies the absence of a factor of two in the Γφφθ term, attributing it to the nature of mixed derivatives in the geodesic equation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of differential geometry concepts, specifically geodesics.
  • Familiarity with the Euler-Lagrange equations in classical mechanics.
  • Knowledge of metric tensors and their properties in general relativity.
  • Basic comprehension of mixed derivatives and their implications in calculus.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of geodesic equations from various metrics in general relativity.
  • Learn about the implications of the Christoffel symbols in curved spaces.
  • Explore the relationship between Euler-Lagrange equations and geodesic motion.
  • Investigate the role of mixed derivatives in higher-dimensional calculus.
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Mathematicians, physicists, and students of general relativity who are interested in the application of differential geometry to geodesic motion and the analysis of metric connections.

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For the following two-dimensional metric

ds^2 = a^2(d\theta^2 + \sin^2{\theta}d\phi^2)

using the Euler-Lagrange equations reveal the following equations of motion

\ddot{\phi} + 2\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin{\theta}}\dot{\theta}\dot{\phi} = 0
\ddot{\theta} - \sin{\theta}\cos{\theta}\dot{\phi}^2 = 0

Using the general geodesic equation form \ddot{x}^{\alpha} + \Gamma^{\alpha}_{\beta\gamma}\dot{x}^\beta\dot{x}^{\gamma}=0, we infer that the equations derived describe geodesics. This shows that the only non-zero terms of the metric connection \Gamma^{\alpha}_{\beta\gamma} are

\Gamma^{\theta}_{\phi\phi} = -\sin{\theta}\cos{\theta},\quad \Gamma^{\phi}_{\theta\phi} = \Gamma^{\phi}_{\phi\theta} = \frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin{\theta}}

My problem is comprehending where the factor of two has gone for the \Gamma^{\phi}_{\phi\theta} term. Is it due to fact that it's a coefficient of a mixed derivative, why is that?
 
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You have to sum over theta and phi, so the geodesic equation contains the two terms

\Gamma^{\phi}_{\theta\phi}\dot{\theta}\dot{\phi} + \Gamma^{\phi}_{\phi\theta}\dot{\phi}\dot{\theta}
 
Of course! Thank you, it's very clear now.
 

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