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Prove that (d/dx)arcos(x) = -1/(Sqrt(1-x^2)


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cos is the inverse function of arccos. So cos(arccos(x))=x. Differentiate both sides. Did you try that?
 
Or: if y= arccos(x) then x= cos(y). Differentiate that to find dx/dy= -sin(y) so that
dy/dx= -1/sin(y)= -1/sin(arccos(y)).

Use trig identities to simplify that (change sin(arccos(y)) to cos(arccos(y))=y) or think about a right triangle with "near side" of length y and hypotenuse of length 1. What is the length of the "opposite side"? Whatr is the sine?
 
There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...
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