Number Density vs Energy Density of Radiation and Matter

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies the relationship between the number density and energy density of radiation and matter. Both number densities decrease at the same rate due to cosmic expansion, described by the formula N=Na^-3. However, energy densities differ: for matter, E=Ea^-3, while for radiation, E=Ea^-4. This distinction arises because matter's energy is tied to mass, which remains constant during expansion, whereas radiation's energy, stored in photons, diminishes as space expands.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of cosmological expansion and its effects on physical properties
  • Familiarity with the concepts of number density and energy density
  • Basic knowledge of the differences between matter and radiation
  • Concept of energy storage in mass versus photons
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of cosmic expansion on number density and energy density
  • Study the relationship between mass-energy equivalence and cosmological models
  • Explore the differences in behavior between matter and radiation in expanding universes
  • Learn about the role of photons in energy density calculations
USEFUL FOR

Students preparing for exams in astrophysics or cosmology, researchers studying the effects of cosmic expansion, and educators teaching concepts related to the properties of matter and radiation.

cp05
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I was going through my notes preparing for finals (this is my last one hooray!), and I saw that the Number Density of radiation and matter changes at the same rate (N=Na^-3) while the energy density is different (E=Ea^-3 for matter, E=Ea^-4 for radiation). I think I get why the energy densities for matter/radn are different (matter exists in 3 dimensions...while radiation exists in 4 because of time...is that remotely correct?), but I don't understand why the number densities are the same.

Thanks for the help!
 
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The reason why the number densities of radiation and matter are the same is because they are both affected by expansion at the same rate. As space expands, the number of particles of matter and radiation in a given volume decreases, resulting in a decrease in the number density of both. The energy densities are different because the energy of matter is stored in mass, which does not change with the expansion of space, while the energy of radiation is stored in photons, which do change with the expansion of space.
 

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