Palatini Formalism generalizes GR to include degenerate metric?

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Some papers say that Palatini Formalism still works if the frame variables e^i_a
is not an isomorphism (from tangent bundle to frame bundle), this generalizes GR to include the cases of degenerate metric.

But one could not derive the Einstein's Equation if e^i_a is not an isomorphism!
Somebody please explain to me how it works?
 
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Can you please tell me (us) first what are these "some papers"? Then after having been reading them, I shall try to understand and to answer. Thanks
 
Okay.
For example,
http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9504036
page 26

and in Lectures on Non-perturbative Canonical Gravity, Abhay Ashtekar
he mentioned a generalization to degenerate metric case.
 
I read them and begin to understand.
But has anyone observed or proposed to observe spacetime of degenerate metric before?
 
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