If you graph two functions, y=x^2 and y=5x^2 you will notice the first graph appears "fatter" and the second graph is "skinnier".
As you increase the coefficient a the more narrow the graph becomes.
As you decrease the coefficient a the wider the graph becomes.
I would experiment with this concept until you notice a mathematical pattern by which you can predict the graph's appearance at any a.
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rckstr_scntst
2
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When a is negative, the graph is reflected about the x-axis. For example, the parabola y=-x^2 has the same shape as y=x^2, but is pointing down instead of up.
I'm reviewing Meirovitch's "Methods of Analytical Dynamics," and I don't understand the commutation of the derivative from r to dr:
$$
\mathbf{F} \cdot d\mathbf{r} = m \ddot{\mathbf{r}} \cdot d\mathbf{r} = m\mathbf{\dot{r}} \cdot d\mathbf{\dot{r}}
$$