Path of Light- Calculus of Variation

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the time T taken for light to travel through a variable transparent medium, represented by the integral T = ∫ L(y, y') dx, where L is a function to be determined. The user successfully formulates the path length as S = ∫ √(1 + y'²) dx but struggles with eliminating the x-dependence in the expression for T = ∫ (√(1 + y'²) / c(x)) dx. The challenge lies in expressing c(x) solely in terms of y and y', which is essential for applying the Euler-Lagrange equation in the context of the calculus of variations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of calculus of variations
  • Familiarity with the Euler-Lagrange equation
  • Knowledge of integral calculus
  • Basic concepts of optics, specifically the speed of light in varying media
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  • Research techniques for eliminating variable dependencies in calculus of variations
  • Study the derivation and application of the Euler-Lagrange equation in physics
  • Explore the relationship between light paths and variable refractive indices
  • Investigate inverse functions and their applications in calculus
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Students and researchers in physics, particularly those studying optics and calculus of variations, as well as educators seeking to enhance their understanding of light propagation in variable media.

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Homework Statement


Let y(x) represent the path of light through a variable transparent medium. The speed of light at some point (x,y) in the medium is a function of x alone and is written c(x). Write down an expression for the time T taken for the light to travel along some arbitrary path y(x) from the point (a,yI) to the point (b,yF) in the form:
T=[tex]\int L(y,y')dx[/tex]
(between a and b, can't seem to add in limits on the integral sign)

where L is a function you should determine.

Homework Equations



S = [tex]\int \sqrt{1+y'^{2}}dx[/tex]

I derived this though, don't think its meant to be a known equation.

The Attempt at a Solution



Well using calculus of variation I know you can formulate a path length as:
S = [tex]\int \sqrt{1+y'^{2}}dx[/tex]

So the time for the light to travel along this path should just be:

T= [tex]\int \frac{ \sqrt{1+y'^{2}}}{c(x)}dx[/tex]

However, this has a dependence on x where the question states it must be only in terms of y and y'. This is because in the first part of the question I had to derive the Euler-Legrange equation and as light takes the path which minimises time, you must plug this function L into the equation.

So, how do I get rid of the x dependence? If there's a trick or a technique involved could someone just inform me of the name so I can look it up for myself? I've read the classical mechanics textbook which is meant to accompany this course and can find nothing which helps with this.

Thank.
 
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can x be written as a function of y?
 
Well that's what has been running through my head the whole time, however everything that I have been given in the question I've posted. The only thing I can come up with is c(x) = c(y[tex]^{-1}[/tex](y)) as in the inverse function of y...of y. I don't think that helps...

Sorry if I'm being dense and there's something obvious going on here.
 

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