Phonons are quantized vibrations in a rigid crystal lattice, essential for understanding heat conduction and sound in solids. They represent a quantum of lattice vibrational energy and can also apply to liquids. In ceramic materials like UO2, phonon conduction is the primary mode of heat conduction, with phonon scattering decreasing as temperature rises until around 1600°C, where electron conduction takes over, increasing thermal conductivity. Metals typically exhibit increased thermal conductivity with rising temperatures.
PREREQUISITESStudents and professionals in physics, materials science researchers, and engineers focused on thermal management and sound propagation in solids.
