Potential inside homogenous sphere

In summary, calculating the gravitational potential inside a homogeneous sphere of mass m depends on the mass closer to the center and the density of the sphere. The force and potential energy are both proportional to r, with the potential energy being -Gmr^2/(2R^3).
  • #1
llandau
9
0
How to calculate gravitational potential inside a homogenous sphere of mass m? I am curious because I had to solve the classic problem of the tunnel through Earth and wanted to generalize when the tunnel is not a diameter.
 
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  • #2
The gravitational force inside a homogeneous sphere depends only on the mass closer to the center- the force vectors due to mass farther out cancel each other.

If the radius of the sphere is R, then its volume is [itex](4/3)\pi R^3[/itex] and the density is [itex](3/4)m/(\pi R^3)[/itex]. That means that the mass of the sphere below radius r is [itex](3/4)m/(\pi R^3)(4/3)\pi r^3= m(r/R)^3[/itex]. The force on an object of mass M then is [itex]-Gm(r/R)^3M/r^2= -Gmr/R^3[/itex].

So the force is proportional to r and the potential energy is [itex]-Gmr^2/(2R^3)[/itex].
 
  • #3
You have been helpful, thanks (I believe you lost an M, but it really doesn't matter).
 

Related to Potential inside homogenous sphere

1. What is the formula for calculating the electric potential inside a homogenous sphere?

The electric potential inside a homogenous sphere can be calculated using the formula: V = (3/2) * (k * Q * r2) / R3, where V is the electric potential, k is the Coulomb's constant, Q is the charge of the sphere, r is the distance from the center of the sphere, and R is the radius of the sphere.

2. Does the electric potential inside a homogenous sphere depend on the distance from the center?

Yes, the electric potential inside a homogenous sphere is directly proportional to the distance from the center of the sphere. This means that the potential decreases as you move further away from the center.

3. Can the electric potential inside a homogenous sphere be negative?

Yes, the electric potential inside a homogenous sphere can be negative if the charge of the sphere is negative. In this case, the potential is negative towards the center of the sphere and positive towards the outer surface.

4. How does the electric potential inside a homogenous sphere compare to that of a point charge?

The electric potential inside a homogenous sphere is similar to that of a point charge, but it is not the same. The potential of a homogenous sphere is only dependent on the distance from the center, whereas the potential of a point charge also depends on the direction of the electric field.

5. Is the electric potential inside a homogenous sphere constant at all points?

No, the electric potential inside a homogenous sphere is not constant at all points. The potential is highest at the center of the sphere and decreases as you move towards the outer surface. It also changes depending on the charge and radius of the sphere.

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