Power DC Motor: Voltage, Current & PID Control

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on powering a 1 hp DC winch motor intended for use with a 12 V battery, focusing on voltage, current, and the implementation of a PID controller for velocity control. Participants explore the relationship between voltage and motor speed, the implications of exceeding voltage ratings, and the characteristics of the motor and load.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses confusion about whether 12 V is the maximum voltage for the motor and questions the implications of applying a higher voltage.
  • Another participant advises against exceeding the motor's rated voltage and notes that motor speed is also influenced by the load in addition to voltage.
  • A participant mentions the lack of detailed torque and power curves from winch manufacturers, providing anecdotal data on speed and current draw at different line pulls.
  • There is a question raised about the motor's behavior at half voltage, specifically whether mechanical factors or electrical characteristics prevent freewheeling.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the implications of applying voltages greater than 12 V or the specific characteristics of the motor and load. Multiple viewpoints regarding voltage application and motor behavior remain present.

Contextual Notes

Participants note the need for more information on the motor's winding type and load characteristics, which may affect performance and control strategies. There is also uncertainty regarding the motor's response to different voltage levels.

Who May Find This Useful

Individuals interested in DC motor control, particularly in applications involving winch systems, PID control implementation, and those seeking to understand the relationship between voltage, current, and load in motor operation.

pdfmech
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I have some confusion on how to power a 1 hp DC winch motor that is intended to run off a 12 V battery. I need to precisely control the velocity of the motor and will need a PID controller to do this. Since speed of the motor is proportional to the supply voltage, is 12 V the maximum voltage and corresponding speed that the motor can reach? Can I apply a voltage greater than 12 V to it? I need to find a motor driver/controller that can handle the current draw. Does anyone know of a controller that can run this motor. Ideally it would have PID built in but it is not necessary. I believe my questions are from a lack of understanding of how voltage and current are related. Also the winch will not be spinning very fast(no more than a line speed of .5 feet per second). I am currently building a tachometer for the feedback control. Any help/suggestion is greatly appreciated.
 
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You should not drive the motor with more voltage than what it is rated for. You also need to take into account that the speed of the motor is also dependent upon the load as well as the voltage it is driven with. How is this motor wound? Series? Shunt? Compound? What is the type of load? Is it a static load or does it change?
 
Unfortunately I have not been able to find a winch manufacturer that supplies detailed motor torque and power curves. All I have is that at o lb line pull the speed is 10 feet per minute with 10 amp draw. At 2000 lb line pull the speed is 2.5 FPM with 100 amp draw.
 
Have you disected it? Wondering what keeps it from freewheeling at half voltage. Is it purely mechanical or will running it at half voltage cause trouble?
 

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